Author :
Abstract
Engellilerin yaşadıkları en büyük sorunlardan birisi yoksulluktur. Engellilerde yoksulluk, kendi özel durumları, uygulanan devlet politikaları ve engellilerin karşılaştığı toplumsal bariyerlerden dolayı büyük ve aşılması zor bir sorundur. Kamu yönetimi, alışılagelmiş uygulamalarla, engellilerin toplumdan daha da soyutlanmasına neden olan sosyal desteklere devam ederek onları pasifleştirmektedir. Engellilere faydalı olmak amacıyla, ancak yan etkileri düşünülmeden, yasalarla onların ekonomik ve toplumsal hayata katılımları gerçekleştirilmek istenmektedir. Engellilerin ekonomik hayata katılımı bir işyerinde çalıştırılmak olarak algılandığından ve bu konuda sahada birçok bariyerin olmasından dolayı amaçlanan stratejiler sağlıklı işlememektedir. Bu stratejilerin işler hale getirilebilmesi için engellilere kendi işlerini kurabilmelerine imkân sağlayan düzenlemelerin ve teşviklerin sağlanması gereklidir. Bu çalışma Türkiye’de engellilerin girişimcilik konusunda karşılaşabilecekleri fiziki bariyerlerin neler olduğu ve ilgili tarafların bu bariyerleri nasıl aşabileceği konusunda öneriler sunmaktadır.
Keywords
Abstract
One of the biggest problems faced by disabled people is poverty. Poverty for the disabled is a bigger and more difficult problem to overcome due to their own special circumstances, the social barriers they face and the application of public policies. Public administration passivates the disabled by continuing to provide conventional social supports, which cause the disabled’s further exclusion from society. In order to be beneficial to the disabled, but without considering the side effects, realization of the disabled’s participation in economic and social life by implementing the laws is desired. Strategies that are aimed to solve the problem seem not working because of the fact that the disabled’s inclusion to the economic life is only perceived as being employed by public or private companies even though there are many barriers in real life. In order to make these strategies functional it is necessary to provide regulations and incentives that enable disabled people to set up their own businesses. This study presents suggestions on what kind of physical barriers the disabled may face for the entrepreneurial activities and how interested parties can overcome these barriers.
Keywords
- Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı, Engelli ve Yaşlı Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Yurt İçinde İşe Yerleştirme Hizmetleri Hakkında Yönetmelik, Resmi Gazete Tarihi: 25.04.2009. http://www.eyh.gov.tr/mevzuat/ulusal-mevzuat/yonetmelikler/ yurticinde-ise-yerlestirme-hizmetleri-hakkinda-yonetmelik
- Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı, Engelli ve Yaşlı Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü, (2017). Engelli ve Yaşlı Bireylere İlişkin İstatistiki Bilgiler. İstatistik Bülteni.
- Arnold, L., Ipsen, C. (2005). Self-Employment Policies: Changes through the Decade. Journal of Disability Policy Studies. 16 (2), 115-122.
- Al-Yahya, K.O. (2007). The Over-Educated, Under-Utilized Public Manager: Why Doesn’t Human Capital Development Bring Desired Outcomes? Academy of Management Proceedings. 1. (1). 6
- Bernard, H., Leymat, A., Kowalczuk, T., De Klerk, T., Munoz, W., Du Mesnil, M., Bord, S. (2006). Good Practices for the Economic Inclusion of People with Disabilities İn Developing Countries. Report for Handicap International.
- Berthoud, R. (2008). Disability Employment Penalties in Britain. Work, Employment
- Blanck, P., Sandler, L. A., Schmeling, J. L., Schartz, H.A. (2000). The Emerging Work- force of Entrepreneurs with Disabilities: Preliminary Study of Entrepreneurship İn Iowa. Iowa Law Review, 85(5), 1583-1661.
- Burchardt, T. (2002). Enduring Economic Exclusion: Disabled People, İncome and
- Boylan, A., Burchardt, T. (2002) Barriers to Self-Employment for Disabled People, re- port for the Small Business Service. http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file38357.pdf
- Caldwell, K., Parker, S., Renko, M. (2016). Social Entrepreneurs with Disabilities: Ex- ploring Motivational and Attitudinal Factors. Canadian Journal of Disability, 5(1) 211-244.
- Callahan, M., Shumpert, N., Mast, M. (2002). Self-Employment, Choice and Self- De- termination. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 17(2), 75-85.
- Demir, A.Z. (2016). Engelli Bireylerin Eğitim Ve İstihdamı İçin Bir Model Önerisi. Aka- demik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Yıl: 4 Sayı:22, Kasım 2016, 145-167.
- Demir, A.Z., Eliöz, M. (2016). Engelli Bireylerin Eğitim Ve İstihdamı İçin Bir Model Önerisi. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Yıl:4 Sayı:33, Kasım 2016, 76-90.
- Doyel, A. (2002). A Realistic Perspective of Risk in Self-Employ Employment for People with Disabilities, Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 17: 115–24.
- East Midlands Development Agency (EMDA). (2009). Scoping Study into the Business Support Needs of Disabled Entrepreneurs in the East Midlands. http://www.emda.org.uk/uploaddocuments/disabledentrepreneurScopingReport %202009.pdf Enabled4Enterprise, (2009). Project Report: Equipping the Enterprise Sector to deliver ‘Disability Smart’ Services. www.lcdisability.org/download.php?id=1944
- Engelli ve Yaşlı Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü, (2016). Http://Eyh.Aile.Gov.Tr/Data/56179 F30369dc5726c063e73/Bülten_Nisan2016.Pdf
- Foster, S. (2010). Promoting Entrepreneurship among Disabled People with Visual Im- pairment. http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/documents/LLN/HWLLN_Promoting_entre preneurship_visual_impairment.pdf
- Gartner, W.B. (1988). Who İs an Entrepreneur? Is The Wrong Question? American Journal of Small Business, Vol-12, No.4 Pp.11-32.
- Greve, B. (2009). The Labour Market Situation of Disabled People in European Coun- tries and Implementation of Employment Policies: A Summary of Evidence from Country Reports and Research Studies. Report Prepared for The Academic Network of European Disability Experts (Aned).
- Handojo, T. (2004). Entrepreneurship: An Alternative Concept for Economic Empow- erment of People with Disability. Paper Presented on Field Study and Regional Workshop on Poverty Alleviation among Persons with Disabilities, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China, 2004.
- Huang, J., Guo, B., Bricout, J. (2009). From Concentration to Dispersion: The Shift in Policy Approach to Disability Employment İn China. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 20, 1, 46-54.
- Jenkins, S., Rigg, J. (2004). Disability and Disadvantage: Selection, Onset, and Duration Effects. Journal of Social Policy, 33, 3, 479-501.
- John Kitchen, (2014). Entrepreneurship and Self-Employment by People with Disabili- ties, Kingston University, Background Paper for the OECD Project on Inclusive Entrepreneurship.
- Karıman, E. (2017). Girişimci Üniversite Olma Yolunda Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Çalışma. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Samsun
- Libera, T. (2015). How We Can Employ America’s Largest Untapped Labor Force – People with Disabilities. Http://www.İnsidesourceamerica.Org/Untapped-LaborForce/
- Lind, P. (2000). Getting Down to Business: A Blueprint for Creating and Supporting Entrepreneurial Opportunities for Individuals with Disabilities. Retrieved From Washington, Dc.
- OECD (Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development). (2003). Trans- forming Disability into Ability. Paris: OECD.
- Orhan, S. (2013). Türkiye’de Özürlü Dostu İstihdam Politikaları (Durum Analizi ve Öneriler). T.C. Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Eğitim ve Araştırma Merkezi Yayınları Yayın No: 35, Ankara.
- Pagán, R. (2009). Self-Employment among People with Disabilities: Evidence for Eu- rope. Disability and Society, 24, 2, 217-229.
- Stoddard, S., Jans, L., Ripplc, J., Krause, L. (1998). Cartbook on Work and Disability in the United State. 1998. An Info Use Report. Washington, D.C.; Us. National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research. (C20013097).
- Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK). (2011). 6370_283_07.04.2011.Doc
- Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK). 2002.
- World Health Organization/World Bank, (2011). World Report on Disability. Http://Www.Who.İnt/Disabilities/World_Report/2011/En/İndex.Html.
