The Journal of Kesit Academy, Year 2020 Issue 23

ÖĞRENCİLER TÜRKİYE'DE BİYOETİK SORUNLARI VE BİYOETİK EĞİTİMİ HAKKINDA NE DÜŞÜNMEKTEDİRLER?

Gülbin ÖZKANHayriye ZENGİN TEPEKUYU , Ünsal UMDU TOPSAKAL — 2024-08-29

Aim of this study is to identify and develop bioethical awareness of middle school 7th grade students. The sample is 23 (10 girls and 13 boys) 7th grade students studying in Istanbul, Turkey. In this study, phenomenology was used among the models revealed within the scope of qualitative paradigm. Scenarios and semi-structured interviews on bioethics were used as data collection tools. The students have been involved in bioethical issues by scenarios for five weeks in the direction of a bioethics education model. At the end of the study, it was seen that students were positive for organ donation while they were negative for genetic studies like GMO products and reproduction technology. After bioethical education process, it was determined that bioethics awareness of students was developed. It is also seen that the ability of students to look at bioethics issues from different perspectives was developed.

INVESTIGATION OF DR. FAHRETTIN KOCA SHARING IN SOCIAL MEDIA ABOUT EPIDEMIC BY CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS METHOD

Melike SOMUNCU — 2024-08-29

The discourse includes all the dimensions of the message, what the speaker is based on, and on whom, based on what and by whom it is intended, and what it is mainly intended for. Discourse analysis aims to understand and explain how it serves ideological purposes in the context of cultural structure, how the audience's thinking, actions are formed or limited. In this study, which causes humans and a variety of animal diseases and get coronavirus found in many species all over the world under the influence of get together by appearance of the first cases on 11 March 2020 to turn into a dangerous pandemic and Turkey's Health Minister Dr. Fahrettin Koca of remarkable shares about the epidemic from his social media account were analyzed by the Critical Discourse Analysis method. Thematic and schematic analysis of the discourses, situation evaluations, the size of the comments, sentence structures, word choices in discourses and persuasion strategies were determined. Thus, the main source, the effects of the virus on social life, and the perspective of a Minister of Health, who has a policy of minimizing these effects, has been exposed and contributed to linguistic material and socio-cultural background.

HAMIDIDS’ PRINCIPALITY IN THE WORKS WITH SHİKARI’S AND M. FUAD KOPRULU’S

Tunay KARAKÖK — 2024-08-29

As a general opinion, the default Anatolian principalities emerged as a manifestation of political turmoil in Anatolia between XIII - XIVth centuries. This situation is briefly refers to the dispersed state of the Seljuk Empire. These are originated within the Seljuk state, called “Beyliks” or “Tevaif-ül Mülûk” that is as the number is close to twenty. One of the principalities founded in the struggle to take the place of the Seljuk authority weakened after the defeat of the Kösedağ War in 1243. It is the Hamidoğulları Principality established in the vicinity of Isparta and around it by Dündar Bey, nicknamed Feleküddin around the turn of the century. However, in the history books mentioned, it does not appear as much of a processed principality. For this reason, when the sources containing information about the principality are reached, a lengthy examination process is required. Here in this study; we tried to determine the political history and culture - civilization of this principality in his works called Şikârî’s “Karamannâme” and M. Fuad Köprül’s “Anadolu Beylikleri Tarihine Ait Notlar”. In particular, the information contained in the Karamannâme, which is considered as one of the primary sources of the period, and the information in the work of Köprülü, which has a modern resource, has been determined and the inferences about the political history of the principality have been tried by comparison method.

DETERMINING THE LEVEL OF THE 7TH GRADE STUDENTS' USAGE OF SPELLING AND PUNCTUATION RULES

Derya YILDIZFunda SAĞ — 2024-08-29

This study was aimed to determine the level of usage of spelling and punctuation rules of the 7th grade students. In the research, the notebooks of 7th grade students were examined. The research which was prepared with qualitative model and document analysis method; is a descriptive study. The research materials of the research are the notebooks of the7th grade students from 3 different schools in Kumluca district of Antalya. The easily accessible sample for the ease of implementation was effective in the selection of schools. The notebooks of 3 girls and 3 boys who were randomly selected from each school and 18 students in total were examined in order to determine the usage level of spelling rules and punctuation marks. Research, punctuation marks are limited with: Full stop, Comma, Colon, Dots, Question mark, Exclamation mark, Hyphen, Slash, Apostrophe, Paranthesis, Square paranthesis Research, and Mixed words at spelling, Writing the numbers, Use of capital letters, Spelling of compound words, Writing reduplications and abbreviations, Conjunctive “ki” and “de” and the writing of question preposition “mi”. The data collected under the headings given above were converted into graphics and interpreted.

THE FACT OF “REQUEST” IN DEONTIC MODALITY IN TURKISH: AN ANALYSIS ON THE BASIS OF PALMER MODEL

Ferhat KARABULUTElanur KAZANLAR ÜRKMEZ — 2024-08-29

The deontic modality which expresses the obliger attitudes of the speaker towards the realization of the action of a proposition, is divided into three types by Palmer (2001): permissive, obligative and commissive. In this study, rather than the obligation of the sub-modality types, the concept of desire, which is common to all three modality types, is emphasized. In traditional grammar studies, the mode system is divided into indicative mood and subjunctive mood. While indicative moods are related to tense, subjunctive moods are considered as wish-request moods because they carry the concept of desire. The concept of desire in deontic modality, which is largely similar to the subtypes of subjunctive moods, was seen as an issue to be emphasized. In our study, after briefly informing about the deontic modality and the concept of desire, in Palmer's deontic modality (permissive, obligative and commissive) consept of desire is explained in two ways: speaking-oriented and agent-oriented.

THE DISCUSSIONS ABOUT TURKISH MILITARY FORCES DURING THE DEMOCRAT PARTY BUDGET SESSIONS

Mehmet EVSİLE — 2024-08-29

In the near political history of Turkey, the relation between army and politics occupies an important place. This relationship has been investigated in detail among historians, policy makers, economists, journalists and other academicians. In this study, the knowledge given in archives, newspaper collections and other survey articles has been used. Furthermore, this subject has become a current issue especially during the Budget discussions in the Record Journal of Turkish Grand Assembly and Report Newspaper (Zabıt Cerîdesi). According to the knowledge we reached from these sources, in the first period of the Democrat Party, the ruler and the opposition parties reached consensus about the issues related to the Turkish military forces. However, after the year 1957, there appeared some rejections about the applications of the ruler political party from the opposition political party. The most discussed subject was that the Turkish soldiers were employed to work in civil constructions. These discussions continued till the end of the Democrat Party power.

FUNCTIONS OF MASS MEDIA AND THE INVISIBLE FACE OF TELEVISION

Hasan Ali ERDOĞAN — 2024-08-29

Communication can be simply defined as the process of producing, transferring and making sense of information. With its emergence and spread, mass communication, which has brought new dimensions to communication between people, affect and even determine individuals' level of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. In mainstream mass communication theories, it is argued that mass communication is off critically beneficial functions for the general public. The criticisms brought to these tools are that they are mostly handled as independent 'subjects' acting on their own. Mass communication, on the other hand, is focused more on its effects on social responsibility, sexual discrimination, violence, content control and ethics. Mass communication, like everything that is social, is a part of the social structure and has been affected by the changes in the social structure and has affected it in the historical process. This study tries to explain the political background of television, which is still one of the most preferred means of mass media. As the main question of the study, “What background philosophies do mass media serve for and believe in what kind of individuals should be grown for the society?” was determined. The purpose of this study is to lay bare the arguments of different political ideas over the effect of television on directing and shaping the society in Turkey and as well as the background philosophy of television programs to reveal the targeted political and economic purposes and to comment on the policies in the field of culture and identity that power holders of television want to create in the society.

A COMPARISON OF NURULLAH BERK AND GEORGES BRAQUE’S “STILL LIFE WITH PLAYING CARD” PAINTINGS IN CONTEXT OF CUBIST - CONSTRUCTIVIST UNDERSTANDING WITH GRAPHIC EFFECTS

Seyit Mehmet BUÇUKOĞLU — 2024-08-29

In the Republican Period of Turkish painting, many artists have made productions that we can qualify as Cubist-Constructivist painting. The main sources on which the paintings of Nurullah Berk are based within the Turkish painting should be considered within the trends of Cubism and Constructivism. In the paintings that the artist made after the 1960s, it is seen that decorative elements and local motifs that were fed from his own culture were used, which prevented the western influences observed in the first period. Many of his works, including the reflection of calligraphy and miniature art, enabled the artist to create an original identity. In this context, the comparison of Nurullah Berk and Georges Braque paintings involves different viewpoints, the reproducibility of shapes, the separation of objects and their geometric interpretation. It is seen that both artists resort to graphic effects in the solution of the objects they consider in their compositions, consider the innovative and modern perspective provided by the techniques and application methods, and focus on the understanding of new art in universal thinking.

EVALUATING CORONAVİRUS (COVID-19) WITH THE PLAGUE NOVEL

Abdullah DURAKOĞLUHamit COŞKUN — 2024-08-29

Today, especially Western societies are going through an intense struggle with the coronavirus beginning from Wuhan, China, and spreading all over the world. When the epidemic started, especially Western leaders claimed that this was exaggerated, that it was a temporary illness, and that it would end soon, so they remained far from the reality of death. The same situation is interestingly similar to what happened in Albert Camus' novel "Plague" even if the place and the date are different. The plague epidemic in the novel of French philosopher Albert Camus started in the port city of Algeria, Oran. As with this plague epidemic, in the early days of the coronavirus outbreak in China, some experts living in other countries thought that more poor people would be affected by this disease, and claimed that this epidemic could not be controlled, especially in countries with a fragile health system. In both the novel and the coronavirus, people think the outbreak is temporary. In both epidemics, the use of communication devices has increased and the epidemic has accelerated people's transition to a new life cycle. In this study, the similarities and minor differences in psychosocial events from the beginning of the epidemic to the end are discussed.

AN INVESTIGATION ON THE AVAILABLE STATUS OF ANATOLIAN BEDESTEN

Ruşen ERGÜNHicran Hanım HALAÇ — 2024-08-29

The trade routes on the Anatolian lands owned by the Ottoman Empire had an important position in world trade until the industrial revolution and geographical discoveries. These trade routes have transformed the cities they pass into into important trade areas. The Ottoman Empire has created its own bazaar systems that are unique and centered in the city. When the studies about bedestens are examined, subjects such as the importance of bedestens and restoration suggestions were researched singularly. In this study, a grouping experiment was made by mapping the distributions of 49 destroyed ones that were found to be built on Anatolian lands during the Ottoman period, the ones that have disappeared and the ones that have survived until today, and the compatibility of some of the functioned bodies with the functions that have been re-functioned. In this study, as a new opening to the grouping system used for the protection of the cultural heritage, it is tried to create a grouping system based on the current situation, function and restoration dates over Anatolian bazaars.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONSUMERS’ REFRIGERATOR PREFERENCE: AN APPLICATION ON ADIYAMAN

Arif YILDIZYavuz AKÇİ , Kazım KILINÇ — 2024-08-29

The modern world of today has reshaped our lifestyle and changed the needs. The refrigerator, which will be considered as luxury when it was invented, has become an essential product today. As it is a durable product, consumers need more examination so as not to regret it before purchasing a refrigerator. In this study, the factors affecting the refrigerator preference of consumers were tried to be determined. The questionnaire prepared for data collection was carried out easily through sampling and online. Since the data of the study were collected in 2019, the Ethics Committee's permission was not obtained. 572 valid survey data were obtained in the application. In addition, comments about the refrigerator on the forum sites were compiled. As a result of the study, it was concluded that quality, usability and brand are the most important factors. In addition, it was observed that approximately half of the consumers received advice from their environment and followed discount campaigns before purchasing a refrigerator. Approximately 25-30% of consumers were observed to visit forum sites and brands' stores.

A PROPOSAL OF FRAMEWORK, EVALUATION AND BIBLIOGRAPHY ON TURKISM STUDIES IN GREEK LANGUAGE

Doğan YÜCEL — 2024-08-29

Greeks, residents in South end of Balkans, have been in lexical and cultural relationship with Turkish tribes as Huns, Pechenegs etc. for hundreds of years. Especially in Anatolia, nearly 1000 years, Greek and Turkish speakers live together. This situation continues in Cyprus and Western Thrace even today. The first country that left Ottoman Empire in Balkans in 1828 is Greece. Since the dictionary of Vizantios in 1835, Turkisms in Greek language has been a research subject and goes. We tried to collect and classify these studies. We have made some tables for articles, papers, and all kind of study works according to criterias such as countries, cities (where published), their languages and nationalities of the authors. We have listed a total of 160 studies, 38 of which are on borrowing factors and research sources of Turkisms in Greek, and 122 of directly or indirectly studies of Turkisms in Greek language. We tried to present these listed studies in a four steps frame and having 34 subtitles: Determination, classification, analysis, revival.

THE QUALITY/ARBITRARINESS AND VALUE OF INTENTION IN QURANIC TEACHING

Mustafa CORA — 2024-08-29

The intention which is the essence and soul of the human actions are like a basic test for the evaluation and validity of thought, behavior and deed. Thoughts and behaviors gain a different meaning with intention. The intention is closely related to the arbitrariness and quality of behaviors and actions and it also has a significant effect on them. A person can make informed and controlled actions or guide them with intention as well as catching them and taking initiative by using the effective role of intention. Furthermore, an effective mind is like an informed and effective power to transform a person’s desires into action and guide, control or prevent them. It can be described as thinking, wanting something before doing it and tending to do it. Therefore, people are responsible of any tendency, deliberation and intention according to the Quran, and the convenience of the goal requested and wished. This situation indicates that intention is a significant balance element to observe or violate the God’s will and limits as well as having a significant place and position like a crossroads. It would be appropriate to underline and refer to the human responsibility on understanding it well, maintaining its positivity in any case and identifying the roads. In this regard, this study aims to research intention based on the Quran, to put forward and question what it is, its status in the hadiths, how it tends to be good or bad in terms of arbitrariness, its relation with deeds and how it corresponds according to the deeds and to find appropriate answers by using the basic resources and dogmas. We believe that this study will contribute to the related literature.

ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONVERGENCE WITH UNIT ROOT TESTS IN FRAGILE FIVES COUNTRIES

Yavuz ÖZEKHalil Oğuzhan ERGÜR — 2024-08-29

The convergence hypothesis is subject to empirical studies on many macroeconomic indicators along with the developments in economics and econometrics theories. In this study we investigated financial convergence in Brazil, India, Indonesia, South Africa and Turkey named of fragile five with unit root tests. In the study covering the period of 1980-2017, financial development index (FDI) was used as a variable. According to linear unit root test results there is no financial convergence in all countries. The Fourier unit root test results show financial divergence in Brazil, India, Indonesia, South Africa and financial convergence in Turkey. In all countries subject to empirical analysis, financial convergence has begun in the post-2000 period.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE NEW PSYCHOLOGICAL EXCLUSION PARADIGM BASED ON A REAL-LIFE EVENT

2024-08-29

The cyberball paradigm, which is the most used in the literature to reveal the effect of ostracism, has problems in its structure since it is a slow ball game and requires a controlled environment. Other techniques also measure ostracism indirectly or include stigma and long-term adverse effects on the future of the person. In this research, the ostracism paradigm, which is developed based on visual and vignette, focuses on the exclusion of a person by other people on the first day of starting a course. In the control condition, there is no exclusion. After this hypothetically developed model, a total of 55 participants were asked to rate how angry, calm, disappointed, excluded, happy, annoyed, worried, and sad about the situation in which they read themselves on an 11-point scale. Later, the participants filled out the Need Threat Scale. The findings of the study showed that compared to control condition, the ostracized participants had 1) more anger, frustration, exclusion, boredom, anxiety, and sadness; 2) they felt more unhappy and nervous, and 3) had a lower level of scores in belonging, self-worth, sense of control, and existence. The effect of this new ostracism paradigm on these measurements was strong. These results of the study indicate that this model can be used reliably to reveal ostracism and may have applications in psychology, education, therapy, and organization.

AN OVERVIEW OF THE "MAMAY EPIC" OF THE NOGAY TURKS

Pervin ÇETİN — 2024-08-29

In this study, MamayEpic, which is one of the important epics of Nogay Turks, was handled in a general view. Throughout history, every society has its own way of life and literature. Nogay Turks also have a history and a literature from pastto present. Forth is reason, it is necessary to have information aboutt he history, geographicall ocations and literatures of Nogay Turks. Nogay Turks; Studies on who, from past to present, geographical locations, oral and written literatures are limited. Especially because there are no studies on epics that have an important place for a society, we cannot get information about these epics. Nowadays, the Noghais, who continue their existence in various regions, are trying to survive their own assets, histories and cultures. Epics, like other Turkish Societies, have an important place in Nogai literature. Edige Epic and Mamay epicare especially important in Nogai literature. The Mamay Epic, which is discussed in this study, is a heroic epic and includes the process of theNogays from the period of Mr. Musa to the period of Mamay. Studies on the Mamay Epic are limited.

WHO DİED AS A RESULT OF AN EPİDEMİC DİSEASE SHEİKH ISMAİL SİRACEDDİN SHİRVANİ AND POEMS WRİTTEN ABOUT

Metin HAKVERDİOĞLU — 2024-08-29

Outbreaks are the most important diseases that threaten human beings. When epidemic diseases surround the world, thousands of people are removed from life and thousands of values are separated from life at an early age. In this context, in 1848, in a worldwide epidemic that also spread to Amasya, a great sufi and scholar named İsmail Şirvani died. In the cholera epidemic this year, infectious diseases such as typhoid and typhus have also increased. Shirvani also passed away from typhoid, the other name of which is blackberry. İsmail Siraceddin Shirvani, who died in the outbreak of Amasya in 1848, is one of the leading Nakşi-Halidi scholars of the period.He created a large circle of knowledge around this personality born in Azerbaijan; It led to the upbringing of scholars and poets. There were poets who expressed their good feelings about him before and after his death in the epidemic.The most important of these is Mir Hamza Nigari. Shirvani is his sheikh, teacher and source of inspiration. Nigari expressed this love in couplets in many places in his divan.The poet named Sebati, raised by Nigari, understood his value enough to write poems to him, even though he did not see İsmail Shirvani. Sebati was also a grave keeper to Şirvani.Nearly a hundred years later, a poet enthusiast named Talibi, who came from Azerbaijan and settled in Zile, afflicted him with love. In our study, the poems written by these three poets about the scholar, sufi, Azerbaijani lover and heart man Sheikh Siraceddin Shirvani, who were the martyrs of Taun, were brought together.

THE REFLECTIONS OF SYMBOLS IN THE COMMUNICATION TO NEDRET SEKBAN'S WORKS

Neslihan GÜNEŞGonca Hülya YAYAN — 2024-08-29

Communication is one of the most effective instruments in the way of expressing various needs of people amongst their own feelings and thoughts and at the same time understanding others. Therefore, human beings have always found a way to express themselves under any circumstances. At the same time, he felt the need to show every moment he lived in society by communicating with art under any condition or situation.. Under this communication process, the use of hand skills and communication language has also been enriched as the experience of human self-observation and recognition increases in the communication process. Therefore, communication has become a significant source nourishing and contributing development of everything that shaped on human emotions and thoughts. In this way, artists in every society have both preserved their traditions and cultural identities by using various communication tools and also had the opportunity to spread their own thoughts and values. In this article, figures and colors that Nedret Sekban used on his artworks evaluated in detail through some of the qualitative research techniques, literature scanning and artwork analysis.

A COMPARISON OF DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS IN SOME COUNTRIES WHICH ARE INTENSIVE TO TERRORIAL EVENTS: AMPIRIC ANALYSIS

Seyyid Ali ERTAŞ — 2024-08-29

Terror is defined as an extraordinary situation in the society that leads to destruction in all areas of cultural, economic, sociological, psychological, legal, etc. According to the economic literature, it is the events that increase the mobility of certain time intervals and the economy in a negative way. The analysis covers 10 countries, including Turkey and Syria, Egypt, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nigeria, Iraq, Algeria, Lebanon and Somalia. A clustering analysis of multivariate statistical methods was applied to determine the development status of Turkey across these nine countries. As a result of the analysis, it is aimed to determine the socio-economic aspects of which Turkey is involved in the cluster. The study will fill the gap in the literature in terms of the comparison of the relative development level of both 10 countries and Turkey, as well as in terms of the development indicators of these countries where the terror is experiencing intense. As a result of the analysis, Turkey is located in the same cluster as Pakistan and Nigeria, so they resemble each other in terms of development indicators.

LEGAL NATURE OF TAX RULES

Çağlasın YALDIZ — 2024-08-29

ABSTRACT The tax relationship, which is a public law relationship, deals not only with the duties of taxpayers but also deals with their rights. So the tax rules were included in our legislation as one of these rights. In this relationship, which is basically based on the principle of legality of taxes, the administration has been given the authority to conduct transactions from time to time in order to be practical due to reasons such as the number of taxpayers and the intensity of tax transactions. Likewise, the tax rules are important in order to help that the laws which are complex be understood by taxpayers. Accordingly, the concept of the tax rule is based on the right of the taxpayer, foundation of which is protection of taxpayers, to request an explanation from the tax administration and to eliminate his hesitations in this way. The tax rules are among the auxiliary sources of Tax Law. In this study, the concept of tax rule, its legal content, scope, its place within the norms, the process of operation and the competent authorities in this process, the duties of these authorities, the rights and duties of the taxpayer regarding tax rule, the procedures and principles to be applied in the requests of a tax rule, the legal bindingness and results of tax rules, the tax review process and its impact on tax penalties and, finally, up-to-date issues related to tax ruling process to be handled.

“CITIZEN SATISFACTION” IN THE NEW WORLD ORDER SUMMARY

Didem Hatice BİLGİN — 2024-08-29

With the impact of globalization and digitalization, traditional public administration has been inadequate, overly intrusive and cumbersome to meet the needs of the age. In this period, where new technological developments are experienced every day, there is a need for an order that will adapt to the new world order, meet the needs faster and increase the quality of service provided. While the state, political parties, citizens and non-governmental organizations are in a hierarchical order from top to bottom, this hierarchical ranking may be insufficient to meet the needs of the new world. The aim of governance is to bring the state, political parties, citizens and non-governmental organizations to a democratic structure by making equal improvement. With the new perspective that comes with governance, the need for new public management emerges by adapting the policies implemented by the private sector to the public administration. The purpose of the new public management is not the public sector to work like the private sector. It is to increase the service quality by adapting the policies implemented by the private sector to the services managed by the public as much as possible. With this perspective, it is advocated that the customer satisfaction policy in the private sector can be applied as a citizen satisfaction in the service provided by the public. In the new public administration, public officials have important responsibilities in order to obtain efficiency through the application of citizen satisfaction. In the traditional public administration, the only response to the service provided by the civil servant is "yes" or "no", while in the new public administration order, the public personnel are responsible to the citizen requesting service. In this study, the periods when this system passes until the citizen is satisfied; new world order, governance, new public management and citizen satisfaction as the last situation.

INVESTIGATION OF THE AGGRESSION LEVELS OF FOOTBALL PLAYERS OF ELAZIĞ 1st AMATEUR LEAGUE

Atakan AKSUÖmer Faruk TUTAR — 2024-08-29

In this study, it was aimed to determine the aggression levels of amateur football players. The population of the study consisted of football players of football teams, which were competing in the amateur league in the city of Elazığ during the 2019-2020 football season. The sample of the study consisted of 200 randomly chosen amateur football players, who played in 14 teams in the 1st amateur league in the city of Elazığ during the 2019-2020 football season. To determine the demographic information about the participants in the study, a personal information form, which included age, sports years, education level and years of training with coaches, and the “Aggression Scale”, which was developed by İlter (1984) to determine aggression levels, were used. In the data analysis, SPSS package software was used. In the study, the error level was regarded as p<0.05. According to the findings, it was observed that there were statistically significant differences in the scores of aggression scale and its subscales according to age, sports years and education level years of training with coaches of the participating football players. According to the findings of our study, it was also observed that the mean score of the destructive subscale of the scale, a mean score of 36.30, was low in terms of aggression levels. Furthermore, the mean score of the assertiveness subscale, a mean score of 45.58, was low in terms of aggression scores. When the passive subscale was evaluated, it was observed that the mean score of the subscale, a mean score of 33.50, was below the average with low aggression scores. In conclusion, it was observed that the aggression levels of amateur athletes were at low levels. We believe that the findings of the study can provide positive contributions to the performances of athletes by transmitting the results to coaches, athletes and researchers

CHRONOGRAM IN TURKISH LITERATURE

Bekir SARIKAYA — 2024-08-29

One of the subjects that are not discussed in Divan Literature is to determine the date from the letters in the text, namely the chronogram. There are couplets and stanzas with the chronogram in manuscripts, lithograph books, printed magazines, historical buildings, tombstones, etc. In poetry in which the chronogram is hidden, this art sometimes does not make itself felt, it is only revealed by the attention of those who know. The lines, couplets and stanzas of thousands of poems scanned from books and magazines with chronogram examined in all their details. Thus, the keys of the chronogram was taken by the researcher. This comprehensive study was first prepared as a thesis, and later published under the name “Chronogram in Turkish Literature" and presented to readers. In our article, this book, which can be accepted as the most comprehensive resource in its field, has been handled in ge-neral and has been prepared as a summary for those who are interested in poetry and chronogram.

THE PHONETİCS ABOUT WORKS İN TURKİSH

Fatoş YENİGÜN — 2024-08-29