The Journal of Kesit Academy, Year 2023 Issue 37

Metaphors of Prospective Teachers Regarding the Course of Educational Psychology

İlker KÖSTERELİOĞLUMehmet YAPICI — 2026-07-16

One of the most crucial components of the Turkish National Education system is teachers. Therefore, the training of teachers in our country has always been at the forefront, and discussions about its content and processes have consistently been at the center of attention. Occasionally, teacher training has been pursued through various practices and models. Starting from the year 1980, the responsibility for teacher training was assigned to universities through higher education institutions. Today, within the context of teacher education undergraduate programs, one of the significant courses that focuses on imparting pedagogical competence to teacher candidates is the educational psychology course. In this context, the purpose of this study is to determine the perceptions of teacher candidates regarding the educational psychology course through the use of metaphors. The study employs the qualitative research design of a "case study." In line with this objective, metaphors used by teacher candidates (n=281) who are enrolled in various teacher education programs and have completed the course at Amasya University Faculty of Education were analyzed. In the study, teacher candidates were asked to complete an open-ended data collection tool by completing the sentence "The Educational Psychology Course is like… because…." When the metaphors created by students were analyzed using the content analysis method, it was observed that the participants generated a total of 93 metaphors. After evaluating the generated metaphors along with their justifications, when similar or synonymous ones were combined under a single metaphor, 18 metaphors were obtained. The finalized metaphors were categorized into three categories: "personal development," "nature and environment," and "art and culture."

The Unity of Origin of Oğuz and Oğul

Gülden SAĞOL YÜKSEKKAYA — 2026-07-16

Emergence of words is not coincidental, but since phonetic appearances, morphological structures and meanings of most of them have undergone significant changes over time, it is quite difficult to determine their origins. I have previously stated (Sağol Yüksekkaya 2020) that the word Oğuz, which is both the name of one of the largest Turkish tribal unions and that of the legendary Turkish kagan, and about which so much different opinions have been put forward regarding its origin, has the word uk at its root, meaning “breed, lineage, generation, family”, and the original forms of the words, which were derived from the same root as this word, were not with /o/ but with /u/ at the initial position (uguz, ugur, uguş, uhşa-). In the aforementioned study, the word oğul was not evaluated within this scope, but researches and considering on this word continued over time. In this study, I will try to prove that oğul has as well a unity of origin with Oğuz and I will present that the first form of the word is with /u/ at the initial position of the word, along with other words having the same origin.

Examining the Mediating Role of Social Support Perception in the Relationship between Social Media Addiction and Psychological Well-Being

Azimenur AYAZHamit COŞKUN — 2026-07-16

Social media, whose use has become widespread, has turned into addiction. The increase in the level of social media addiction has resulted in lower feelings of well-being and perception of social support. In this context, the research aimed to examine the relationship between social media addiction and well-being levels of university students and the mediating role of social support perception sub-dimensions (family, peer, and private) in this relationship. The sample of the research, whose population consists of university students, consists of 562 students, 412 of whom are female and 150 of whom are male. "Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale", "Three-Dimensional Perceived Social Support Scale", "Psychological Well-Being Scale" were used as measurement tools in the research. In the analysis of data, correlation and mediation analyzes were performed as basis in evaluating the findings. As a result of the research, the relationship between well-being and perception of addiction and social support was found to be significant, while the relationship between addiction and perception of social support was not found to be significant. However, the relationship between social media addiction and well-being was mediated only by family support. It is recommended that researchers identify other variables affecting this model in future studies.

The Relationship between Influencers, Perceived Benefit, and Perceived Risk Dimensions in Online Shopping

Uğur UĞURDerya Fatma BİÇER — 2026-07-16

In addition to the intense work tempo and lack of free time, people are increasingly turning to online shopping due to the different advantages and conveniences. However, online shopping carries some risks along with its benefits. At this point, influencing factors come to mind in the dimension of shaping the attitude towards online shopping by affecting the perception of benefit and risk. The aim of the research is to examine the relationship between the factors affecting consumers' online shopping attitudes and their perceptions of benefits and risks towards online shopping. The main mass of the research consists of young consumers between the ages of 18-24 living in Sivas/Turkey. Data were collected by face-to-face and online survey method, and 410 surveys were applied. Correlation and regression analyzes were used to examine the possible relationship between research variables (independent variable: confirmational, evidential online influence; dependent variable: shopping convenience, product selection, ease of shopping, financial risk, product risk, time risk). As a result, it was determined that the participants' perception of benefit and risk for online shopping was high, and the perception of benefit was higher than the perception of risk. For online shopping, there is a positive and significant relationship between the confirmational influence and all benefit and risk dimensions except product risk; between evidential online influnce and all benefit and risk dimensions. In addition, it can be said that these influencers for online shopping increase the perception of benefit and risk at certain levels. Therefore, it is important for businesses that aim for success to focus on online activities that aim to monitor and manage online comments and ratings, inform consumers through appropriate content, and provide positive emotions and rich experience in the consumer after the use of the product. It is thought that the research makes a significant contribution to both the literature and marketing practitioners in terms of revealing the effects of the factors affecting online shopping on the perceived benefit and risk dimensions at the point of purchase.

Urban Space in Baudelaire's Crépuscule du Matin/ Twilight of the Morning

Yavuz KIZILÇİM — 2026-07-16

In this study, the formal structure of the poem and the psycho-semantic elements and sequences of meaning in the language of poetry will be analyzed. The sample universe is the lines taken from the poem in question, in which there are meanings and extensions related to morning twilight. The aim of this article is to express the particular language of the poem as a function of the context in which signs develop. This study will first focus on the portrait of Parisian workers, which is imbued with urban imagery. Then, by examining the semantic implications of the verbs, the language of exaggerated metaphors will be matched with the symbolic meaning of the evening, and the twilight time will be treated as a space of implicit violence for humans, with the qualities specific to this poetic space. Finally, the paper will focus on a reading of the conceptual and particular case of the concrete dimension of poverty. In the poem morning twilight, he sees night as a place of crime, disorder and chaotic turmoil. It's impossible in such an atmosphere to free one's soul from the obstacle of matter to find the absolute, because loneliness, anguish and boredom reign everywhere. In this poetic middle, everything he sees in this world reminds him of the miserable human condition. Having seen earthly misery, the poet finds that the eternal silence of night is far from soothing to his sensitive soul, and far from consoling his boredom. The nocturnal or diurnal atmosphere reminds him that he is condemned to the slavery of matter, time and space. To forget his loneliness and the cruelties of the world, he wants to mingle with the crowds of Paris, but nothing can enchant his spirit because a decor of sadness and ugliness dominates everywhere. The city he wanders through is a tragic mirror reflecting his own inner misery. He sees debauchery and misery everywhere, and dark Paris, rubbing his eyes, grabbed his tools, a laborious old man.

Evaluation of Suicide Cases in Turkey with Three-way Analysis of Variance

Özlem AKAY — 2026-07-16

Suicide, which is defined as the voluntary ending of one's life, is one of the important public health problems. According to the World Health Organization, more than 700000 people die each year from suicide. The reasons for suicide differ according to the cultural, economic, religious and social factors of the countries concerned. In line with this information, in this study, it was investigated whether the average number of suicides in Turkey differs according to gender, age, and causes of suicide by using the suicide statistics published by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) for the years 2002-2019. Results were obtained using a three-way analysis of variance. According to the findings, it is seen that there is a difference between the average number of suicides according to gender, age, and the reason for suicide. In addition, bilateral interactions of factors (gender-age, gender-suicide reason, age-suicide reason) and triple interaction of factors (gender-age-suicide cause) cause difference between the average number of suicides.

Origins of the Bauhaus Movement and Its Influence on Modern Design

Mustafa IŞIK — 2026-07-16

Bauhaus, established in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century, radically changed the modern design concept. This art school adopted an interdisciplinary approach, combining design and architecture, and redefined the relationship between aesthetics and functionality. Among the core principles of the movement are a minimalist aesthetic, functionality, and a commitment to the natural properties of materials. Its effects on modern art and design and how these influences direct current practices are explored in the development of art and design. Bauhaus continues to be a constant source of inspiration for contemporary designers and artists, highlighting its historical significance and ongoing influence in the modern world. This school was more than an educational institution; it represented a vision pursuing a utopia, aiming to create designs suitable for the future human's needs. Before Bauhaus, there were various innovative ideas and reformist approaches in art and education; however, Bauhaus uniquely and originally transformed these ideas and efforts into reality. This underlines the originality and importance of the steps Bauhaus took on the path to modernity and the approach it adopted.

The Review of the Values in Secondary Education Philosophy Coursebook

Ekrem Ziya DUMANAylin ARSLAN — 2026-07-16

The basic aim of the philosophy teaching in philosophy curriculum is given as “Training individuals adopting basic values, being able to affect the values, habits and behaviours of the new generation” (Ministry of Education, 2018: 6). In the current study, it is sought to find the answer for the question “What are the values in the secondary education philosophy coursebook?”. In order to collect the data for the study, the book in use which was approved by the Board of Education with a day of 28.05.2018 and no of 78, of which editorship was made by Asım Yapıcı was investigated. The books was reviewed for the sake of 25 values in total as ‘Kindness’, ‘Aesthetic‘, ‘Friendship‘, ‘Cleanliness‘, ‘Helping Each Other‘, ‘Compassion‘, ‘Responsibility‘, ‘Freedom‘, ‘Industriousness‘, ‘Cooperation‘, ‘Family‘, ‘Humility‘, ‘Tolerance‘, ‘Hospitality‘, ‘Respect‘, ‘Solidarity‘, ‘Justice‘, ‘Peace‘, ‘Honesty‘, ‘Patriotism‘, ‘Neighbourliness‘, ‘Spiritual And Cultural Component‘, ‘Nature‘, ‘Religious Culture Components’ and ‘Happiness‘. These values were chosen among the values given in the List of Living Values determined by UNESCO, Rokeach Values Classification, and philosophy curriculum. Twenty-five values determined in the secondary education philosophy coursebook with both written and visual expressions were scanned and it was tried to determine how often these values given in the coursebook. It was found in the coursebook that was scanned within the framework of 25 values determined at the end of the evaluation that the mostly used values were nature, religious culture components, freedom, and responsibility. The mostly mentioned values in the coursebook were found to be humility, solidarity, hospitality and helping each other. It was also determined that cooperation and tolerance values were not given at all. In this sense, it is thought that the current study will contribute to the literature since there are limited number of studies investigations of the values given the philosophy coursebook. In addition, it is believed that determining the values in the texts and visuals given in the current philosophy coursebook will contribute to teaching and attainment of the values and to forming the textual contents that will be prepared for philosophy coursebooks.

A Problem of Methodology: Discourse Analysis or Semiotic Analysis?

Mehmet ÇİÇEK — 2026-07-16

In the context of the unity of theory and practice, this study aims to discuss whether purely linguistic signs can be analyzed with semiotic method, or which analysis method can be more consistent, based on the similarities and differences between semiotic analysis and discourse analysis methods. For this purpose, a literature review was conducted and prominent definitions and ten articles related to the fields of discourse analysis and semiotic analysis were examined. It has been found that, in some respects, the concepts of the discourse analysis approach and the semiotic analysis method shown similarities with each other and have been used interchangeably. In some discourse analysis studies, it has been determined that there are serious differences between the theoretical definitions\explanations –which form the basis of the analysis– and their application to the analysis activity. In order to suggest an answer to the question of which analysis method can be adopted for what reason(s), an analysis method was tried on the usages of the euphemism examples –taken from second hand vehicle sales advertisements– such as “palm-sized local paint” for a vehicle that has been painted after an accident, or “our vehicle has dimples” for a vehicle that has dents on its body after hail damage, etc. This attempt at analysis showed that it is also possible to use discourse analysis and semiotic analysis methods interchangeably. Finally, in order to minimize differences between the method and its practice in the field, and to ensure a unity of attitude; there is a need for consistent definitional approaches of semiotic and discursive analyzes. Hence definitions should be made in detail, and differences in methodological approaches between semiotic analysis and discourse analysis must be fully determined with their respective limitations.

A Philosophical Journey to the Subject Child of the New World Based On Emile by Rousseau

Seval YİNİLMEZ AKAGÜNDÜZ — 2026-07-16

Rousseau, who, in his own words, took it upon himself to shape the outlook of the Enlightenment period as an opponent of the Enlightenment, is a famous French thinker who, contrary to social assumptions and paradigms, managed to view what exists beyond its existence. Rousseau, one of the philosophers of the transition period, paved the way for the shaking of the paradigms of the intellectual world by waging war against the unchangeable assumptions of the age he lived in. The primary aim of the present study is to examine the history of childhood within the uncertain temporality of the changing world through the window of philosophy based on Rousseau's famous utopia Emile, in which he laid the foundations of pedagogy. The secondary aim of the study is to determine the role of philosophy in the physiological and mental developmental stages of the human being who constitutes the society by focusing on the changes in the perspective of "human" through the concept of the child in the "Medieval-Renaissance-Enlightenment" periods in the philosophy literature. This study is qualitative research. The qualitative research studies, which function as an umbrella, spread over a long period of time. In this study, which is qualitative research, document analysis was used as a method. Document analysis involves the analysis of written texts containing information about the events and phenomena planned to be investigated. Rouseau's Emile, The Source of Inequality Among Men, and Constitutional Projects were analyzed in this context. Based on the findings of this study, it was concluded that the discussion of human nature (human beings are innately good, human beings are innately bad, the mind of human beings resembles a blank slate) determines the perspective on the child, and that the emphasis on reason and questioning is directly proportional to the criterion of the value given to children.

Examining Teachers' Perceptions of Work Alienation by Gender Variable: A Meta-Analysis Study

Volkan PINARLICevat ELMA — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to reveal the effect size of the gender variable, which affects teachers' perceptions of work alienation, using the meta-analysis method. In the collection of data related to the research subject; The databases of YÖK Thesis Center, Journal Park Academic, Google Academic, Ondokuzmayıs University Library, ULAKBILIM (National Academic Network and Information Center) were scanned. In accordance with the inclusion criteria of the meta-analysis, which is about teachers' perceptions of work alienation in Turkey; for the gender variable 50 master's thesis, Phd thesis and article work were included in the study. Among the studies, the total number of samples for the gender variable is 19356. In this study, the meta-analysis method, known as the methods of synthesizing research results, was used. In the results of working; in the analysis made according to the gender variable, a statistically insignificantly low effect size was determined compared to the random effects (d= -0.10) model. These effect size values showed that male teachers' perceptions of work alienation were higher than female teachers. It was determined that the effect sizes of the studies did not differ according to the moderators of the branch (0.07), the type of publication (p=0.95) and the regions where the research was conducted (p=0.41). In addition, it has been found that the perceptions of alienation of female teachers to work have increased in recent years.

Compensation due to Protection Measures

Bilge Burhanettin GÜLCÜ — 2026-07-16

Investigation and prosecution, which is the criminal proceedings stage, allows the implementation of guarantees to reveal the truth and to terminate the lawsuits in accordance with the law. The subject of the research is the procedure of eliminating damage and abuse, which is illegal when implementing these guarantees. Provisions for compensation for protective measures are stated in the Code of Criminal Procedure articles 141-144. The restrictions imposed on the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals due to protection measures are also very sensitive and important. Because guarantees are fundamental rights by nature. Protection measures are therefore applied as a tool. When applying measures, legal regulations derived from both national and international law and human values that are required to be human should be followed. As a requirement of the state of law, the state represents the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual. The state is obliged to protect the freedom of individuals. Fundamental rights and freedoms can only be limited to the relevant laws. Apart from these cases, if there is any harm as a result of intervention in the fundamental rights and freedoms of the person, the state is responsible for these damages. The study deals with the protection system of compensation in two parts. The first part is the rule of law, personal freedom, security concept, protection measures and compensation terms. In the second part, the guards issued in accordance with the Code of Criminal Procedure are responsible for the damages caused by the transactions. In this context, what are the reasons for compensation, in which cases cannot be requested compensation, and what are the situations that may cause compensation during the application of protective measures? The aim of our research is to reveal the legal nature of protection measures and compensation cases. It is the explanation of the method of claiming compensation as a result of protective measures and court procedures. In human rights violations due to protective measures that restrict fundamental rights and freedoms; the compensation of the damage caused by compensation is emphasized in terms of the state of law and the rights and freedoms of the person.

An Evaluation on Socio-Spatial Problems Experienced in Earthquake in the Case of Samsun University Geography Department Students: February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Centered Earthquakes

Belçim ÖZTÜRKYahya KADIOĞLU — 2026-07-16

Earthquakes, which are natural disasters of earth origin, can be destructive and lethal depending on their severity. Such earthquakes can cause physical destruction, death and injury and lead to serious socio-spatial problems. The Maraş-centered earthquakes, the largest earthquake in the history of the republic in terms of area size and death toll, were felt severely in the provinces of Kahramanmaraş, Gaziantep, Hatay, Osmaniye, Adıyaman, Şanlıurfa, Diyarbakır, Malatya and Adana. In the aftermath of these earthquakes, which have been called the disaster of the century, there has been a great deal of destruction and loss of life, and significant social, spatial and psychological problems have also emerged. This study focuses on the sociospatial problems caused by the earthquake. These problems were examined based on the statements of the students at Samsun University, Department of Geography, IİSBF, who experienced the Maraş earthquake on February 6, 2023. In the research, interviews were conducted with 14 earthquake survivor students from Hatay (Antakya, Kırıkhan, İskenderun), Mardin (Midyat), Elazığ (Center), Adana (Seyhan), Gaziantep (Şahinbey) provinces and districts where the earthquake occurred. The interviews were conducted through online platforms (zoom) due to the conditions of the earthquake victims. The data collected during the interviews were analyzed within the framework of qualitative research methods. The data obtained in the study were analyzed using content analysis and descriptive analysis techniques. Analyses and visualizations of the data were made through MAXQDA 2022, a qualitative data analysis program. According to the findings, in the first days of the Maraş earthquake, nutrition and shelter; economic, social and spatial problems were experienced in the following period. After the earthquake, there were migrations from the field to different regions and earthquake victims experienced a severe psychological trauma.

Psychoanalytic Analysis of a Sufi Text: Mustafa Kutlu

Bahtı Gül KARTAL — 2026-07-16

The psychoanalytic approach in literature is based on examining the spiritual and mental worlds of the protagonist or protagonists in any literary work. In this context, Mustafa Kutlu, who is known as a Sufi writer, is the main subject of this study with his story titled "Sır". The method of psychoanalysis, known especially through Freud, is analyzed especially through the effects of the individual's daily life reflected in the subconscious. In this context, the factors consisting of the individual's dreams or the reactions of the body without realization is the concept of psychoanalysis. Kutlu's story, written from an Islamic perspective, presents the conflict between the subconscious and the unconscious. The article aims to show that a Sufi work can be analyzed not only from a religious point of view but also from the point of view of psychoanalysis in which conflicts of conscience and mind are also present. In this context, the article aims to reveal the conflict between the individual's beliefs, subconscious and unconscious through the method of psychoanalysis.

Comparasion of Commedia Dell’Arte and Köy Seyirlik Oyunları Plays

Cem İÇYAR — 2026-07-16

In this study, we will examine two representatives of folk theater, one of the oldest art forms in the world. We will compare the Commedia dell'Arte, an example of traditional folk theater in Europe, and Köy Seyirlik Oyunları, a type of folk theater from Anatolia. In the study, we will first analyze and interpret the source, technical and thematic elements, staging styles, audience, play and acting concepts of Commedia dell'Arte, the representative of Italian Folk Theater, and Köy Seyirlik Oyunları, the representative of Geleneksel Türk Tiyatrosu. In the other part of the study, we will attempt to identify and interpret the similarities and differences of these two types of plays, which are distant from each other and have different dates of emergence, in the context of cultural, geographical and climatic conditions. The universality of the theater art, the subject of the research, is aimed at demonstrating the strength of the unifying aspect of theater by showing that the way people interpret life and art resembles each other in many ways. The way these two folk theater traditions analyze human relationships, their attitudes in displaying this, and their way of presenting topics from life based on humor, will be examined. When the narratives are highlighted by these theater understandings and the acts of telling these stories with the actor, that is, purely human, are considered rather than decor, costume, and light, the prominence of acting becomes important. Of course, besides the many similarities of these two types of theater, they also have differences. These differences have been carefully examined in the study in detail. While the study takes previously conducted studies as a guide, it aims to shed light on new studies and evaluations.

Principles and Methods of Moral Education in Ahmed Ziyaüddin Gümüşhanevî

Hamza AKTAŞ — 2026-07-16

Religious education is an important field of education that aims to contribute to the personal, moral, and spiritual development of individuals. Religious education uses various methods to teach people moral values and strengthen them. The purpose of this study is to uncover the traces of these methods in the works of Ahmed Ziyaüddin Gümüşhanevî. Ahmed Ziyaüddin Gümüşhanevî's works on ethics are an important source for understanding and evaluating the developmental aspect of religious education. It can be seen that Gümüşhanevî addresses the moral, spiritual, worship, psychological, sociological, worldly and otherworldly, physical and spiritual dimensions of sins in his relevant works. By explaining these issues to his students, Gümüşhanevî enables them to look at them from every aspect and demonstrates that he has a comprehensive understanding of education. From the perspective of educational sciences, it is understood that Gümüşhanevî provides both material and spiritual education. He interprets the negative aspects of the subject and highlights the positive aspects to support development. Additionally, it is observed that he tries to educate all aspects of a person by using both mental and physical education methods at the same level. Dua (prayer) education is also observed in Gümüşhanevî's works. This is an important educational method that contributes to the spiritual development of individuals. Dua is a way for humans to seek refuge in Allah, make supplications, and establish a connection. It is known that Gümüşhanevî addresses the subject of dua education in his works. Therefore, the study will be examined through document analysis method. In conclusion, Gümüşhanevî emphasizes the effects and importance of sins in his works, emphasizing that individuals should avoid excesses and negatives. Therefore, it is stated that by avoiding sins, individuals can develop themselves and become an "insan-ı kamil" (a perfect human), which is one of the goals of education. In addition, it can be seen that Gümüşhanevî aims to educate people in all aspects by using different methods such as moral, spiritual, and prayer training in his works.

Theatre of the Street from Provocateurs to Entertainers

Yunus Emre GÜMÜŞ — 2026-07-16

From ancient Greek Dionysian festivals to medieval religious theatre, from traditional folk theatres shaped outside the palace walls in the classical period to agit-prop shows, from Meyerhold's "Theatre of Tens of Thousands" to the performance artists on the streets of Europe, it is seen that the art of theatre is on a journey of existence on and with the street. The theories about the origin of theatre address nature itself, not isolated spaces surrounded by walls and cut off from nature, as the place where the action meets the audience. The first of imitation, action and collective participation took place "outside" by a fire. As the theatre became mass, the need for a certain boundary and order came to the fore, and those who wanted to tame it imprisoned it within the walls. For this reason, theatres rejecting borders throughout history have built their alternative aesthetics on the streets. The streets, which were rediscovered with '68, turned into the application field of contemporary art and became the abode of street entertainers as well as propaganda theatres. In the 2000s, when public space debates were re-ignited, the streets were left to entertainers except for a few experimental theatre practices. This research focuses on theatre performances that violate the boundaries of the conventional tradition and pursue alternative aesthetics throughout the history of theatre by trying to understand how the performance develops and adapts to the demands of the audience within the framework of a historical trajectory. To trace the aesthetic evolution of theatre from its origins to its contemporary manifestations and to provide a historical perspective, primary sources of theatre literature are consulted. These documents are analysed with a comparative approach that evaluates the impact of historical developments, socio-cultural changes, and ideological transformations on theatre.

Use of Quran Verses in Ottoman Politics (16th-18th Centuries)

Kayhan ATİKMehmet Esat SARICAOĞLU — 2026-07-16

Siyasetnames are works related to politics, state administration and moral rules. These works were written for the rulers and state administrators. These deal with state administration as a subject and reveal the conditions and principles of administration by specifying the characteristics that should be present in those who govern the state, such as the ruler and the vizier. Siyasetnames are among the moral works in terms of their basic features. Since religion had a great influence on society in the Middle Ages, political books were also based on religious principles. Therefore, moral rules were based on the Quran and Hadiths. In the Holy Quran and Hadith, past prophets and nations are mentioned and we are asked to learn from them. Politics books also want us to learn lessons by talking about past prophets, rulers and important figures. Siyasetnames, like other history writers, used verses and hadiths to strengthen the reason for the war, to base the reason on religion, to legitimize the war and base it on religion, to encourage the soldiers, to encourage the war, to explain the subject they are talking about, to support the meaning, and sometimes to enrich the subject. Again, the political books used verses when talking about the situation of the enemy in the war, the fact that victory and help come from God, and the importance of consultation in war and other times. While using verses and hadiths, he included the relevant part of the verse in his work, rather than the whole verse. While examining the Siyasetnames, we tried to explain how the Siyasetnames use the verses on these topics by choosing general topics.

Mythology in the Art of Opera within the Sample of the Opera of Gilgamesh

Bernis DANIŞMANEsin de THORPE MILLARD — 2026-07-16

Mythology has started to take place in lives of people since the beginning of humankind. The way of understanding and defining nature has held a crucial value and importance on behalf of mythology’s occurence back in the day when human being had not any scientific resource to rely on. Mythology has showed itself in art as well as other fields throughout history. Regarding the arts, mythology has always influenced artists. Mythological characters have been apparent and observable when the arts have once there. This visibility maintained itself until this day mostly in the fields of architecture, painting, sculpture. As for the art of opera, mythology has found its place in it, so has it for other grounds of art. Mythological characters and events have been performed by the very first composers. Since the history of opera has begun, artworks’ themes contain mythological features. Those features in opera works which at first started with Greek mythology, then widened their subjects when they could spread different geographical zones. Turkish opera art has begun its evolution after the Proclamation of the Republic and mythological elements played a significant role as in Western opera works. The Epic of Gilgamesh which contains twelve tablets is accepted as the first written epic text of history. This epic which tells the stories of a heroic king who lived thousand years ago in Sumer, has been written on clay tablets and blanks have been occured due to damage. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, quest for an immortal life of King Gilgamesh who lives in Uruk is told. Gilgamesh who is a mortal man who pursues immortality still makes an appearance today. The Epic of Gilgamesh is seen in theatre, opera, cinema and literature many times. As a Second Generations Composer Nevit Kodallı treats Sumer mythology with the composition of Gilgamesh opera and brings this impressive theme on the stage in front of the audience.

The Scale of Evaluation of Education Practices in Museums: Validity and Reliability Study

Emre ŞANDAİrfan Nihan DEMİREL — 2026-07-16

The aim of the research is to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool for the evaluation of education practices in museums. The 5-point Likert-type scale was applied to a total of 513 (273 for EFA; 240 for CFA) teacher candidates studying in different departments of a state university. The validity and the reliability studies of the developed scale were analyzed in two ways as content validity and construct validity. The subjects in the sketch scale were evaluated in content validity by applying to expert views. The construct validity of the scale were tested with Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). As a result of the EFA, a form explaining 88.439% of the total variance of the scale and consisting of thirty items and three sub-factors was obtained. The sub-factores in the scale were named as “The Role of the Teacher”, “The Importance of Museums” and “The Learning-teaching Process” considering the similar relation among the items. The factor loading values of the items in these factors vary between .467 and .761. As a result of CFA, the x2/df value obtained from the scale was calculated as 2.344. Other fit index values were found as CFI=0.91, TLI=.0.90, RMSEA=0.07, SRMR=0.05. The Cronbach-Alpha value was calculated as .994 for the overall scale, .986 for the first sub-factor, .985 for the second sub-factor, and .984 for the third sub-factor. These results show that the developed scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool and it can be used for the purpose of determining teacher candidates’ opinion about education practices in museums.

Aluminum Industry in Turkey and Future Prospects for the Sector

Okan YAŞAR — 2026-07-16

This study, after evaluating the establishment, development and current situation of the aluminum industry in our country, aims to focus on the spatial distribution of the sector enterprises and the factors affecting their distribution and the effects of the policies shaped in the European Union (EU) due to global climate changes on the sector. The aluminum industry in Turkey has achieved a rapid development process since the 1990s due to the development in the automotive main and sub-industry, white goods industry, shipbuilding industry and construction sector. This sector has shown significant development, especially in the 2000s, due to the economic stability achieved and the domestic demand created due to the growth of the sectors mentioned above. The enterprises operating in the sector are mostly small and medium-sized. The Turkish aluminum industry is largely a primary aluminum supplier, producer and exporter of finished and semi-finished aluminum. In a future where the European Union (EU), to which we export more than 50% of our exports, taxes carbon per ton with the Border Carbon Regulation Mechanism (BCRM), it is of great importance for our exporters to have their carbon footprints measured and to draw their road maps for low carbon production to maintain their competitive advantage. In addition, increasing the aluminum recycling capacity, which is around 70% in our country, developing technology, and operating certification processes will greatly reduce carbon emissions from energy-intensive primary aluminum production and strengthen our competitive advantage in exports to the EU (Vurdu, 2022: 72).

Examination of Eighth Grade Students' Success Levels in the Subjects of Factors- Multiples and Data Analysis

Adem DOĞANRecep BİNDAK — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this research is to examine the level of using the mathematical language of 8th grade students in the subjects of Multipliers and Multiples, Data Analysis. For this purpose, students' knowledge levels about factors- multiples and Data Analysis were measured, and the relationships between factors- multiples and Data Analysis were analyzed according to some personal variables of the students. Descriptive Survey Method was preferred in our study. The study group of the research consists of 379 eighth grade students studying at a public school in a province in the Southeastern Anatolia region. In order to collect data in the research, an achievement test consisting of problems covering factors- multiples and data analysis was applied. In the achievement test, there were a total of 10 problems, including 5 multipliers and multiples and 5 data analysis questions, taking into account the cognitive process steps of Bloom's taxonomy. A data collection tool was prepared and expert opinions were obtained from a total of 10 researchers working as graduate or faculty members in the field of mathematics education. The problems in the data collection tool consist of true-false, open-ended and multiple-choice questions. The reliability of the questions was calculated by the Cronbach Alpha Coefficient method and was found to be 0.799. In the research, the relations between the variables were analyzed by t test, Anova test, frequency and correlation techniques. As a result of the research, it was seen that there was no significant gender difference between the participants in terms of gender, and the students were more successful with a higher sub-learning area in terms of multipliers and multiples compared to the data analysis subject.

An Analysıs of Agrıcultural Language in the Example of Dîvânü Lugâti't-Türk in terms of Sociolinguistics

Oğuz Alparslan ÇATAL — 2026-07-16

Language, which is in a state of development and change, has been the subject of study in many disciplines. Sociolinguistics and its sub-headings are a broad field that examines the relationship between language and society, the speaker, individuals and groups. This discipline investigates various topics such as the study of language specific to social classes, factors forming groups, regional language use and languages of monolingual and multilingual groups, and language barriers. Sociolect, one of the sub-headings of sociolinguistics, deals with the language of a group within a large community. Sociolect (field/profession/cluster language) examines the vocabulary of a group's speech, the formation process of the language, its use, its relationship with other groups, and the benefits of using the group language. The first dictionary of Turkish, Dîvânü Lugâtı't-Türk, constitutes a rich source for sociolinguistic studies. This study discusses the vocabulary of the agricultural language in work as a field/professional language. In this respect, the agricultural language words in the work were identified and then classified and analysed. The study was designed in qualitative research design and document analysis was used as a qualitative data collection tool. The findings obtained were evaluated by content analysis, one of the types of qualitative data analysis. In Dîvânü Lugâtı't-Türk, 57 words related to agriculture were identified within the scope of field language. These words are classified under five headings: names of agricultural tools and equipment, names of available agricultural products, terms of methods used in agriculture, verbs related to agriculture and other vocabulary related to agriculture.

The Turkish National Struggle and Atatürk in Turkish/Literature Textbooks Published for Lecturing in the Secondary Education in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

Burak GÖKBULUTMustafa YENİASIR — 2026-07-16

The Great Leader Mustafa Kemal Atatürk is both the architect of the Turkish War of Liberation and a notable statesman pioneering the modernization of the Turkish nation with his reforms after the victory. Turkish Cypriots who were in a close relationship with the Republic of Turkey and were positioned as an integral part of Anatolia closely followed the national struggle of Atatürk and his brothers-in-arm and wholeheartedly believed that Mustafa Kemal would win this war and establish an independent Turkish republic. Atatürk’s every success led the way, in particular, for Turkish Cypriots who would launch an exemplary national struggle against Greeks and Britons on the Island of Cyprus later in subsequent years and filled Turkish Cypriots with hope. Language is the most significant part and transmitter of the culture which embodies a nation’s features. Especially, thanks to literary products such as epics, stories, novels, and fairy tales, the cultural values of society are successfully transmitted to new generations and the future of the nation is secured. The Turkish course and the history course, which are the two crucial pillars of social studies, are in close relationship with each other. By supporting certain points required to be taught in history lectures, literary products help students learn more easily and with more pleasure. Today, in secondary school history course education programs, the emphasis is placed on the importance of literary products, and teachers are recommended to use literary texts in lectures as products to supplement the course curriculum. This research, which is based on the close relationship between the history course and Turkish/literature course, has the objective that course textbooks published for lecturing in Turkish and literature courses in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus are analyzed with respect to the Great Leader Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and the Turkish national struggle. In light of the above objective, texts and images used in course textbooks published for lecturing in secondary education Turkish and literature courses as of the academic year of 2022-2023 have been analyzed with respect to the Great Leader Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and the Turkish national struggle, and the collected data have been interpreted upon being examined with the content analysis. Although there are some shortcomings, it has been seen that information about Ataturk and the Turkish national struggle is not given only by texts and poems, especially in the Turkish books studied. Along with the relevant texts in the mentioned books, it has been tried to ensure that students learn, love, and feel Atatürk and the Turkish national struggle through activities and studies such as writing, reading, speaking, interpretation, and discussion.

Current Position of Materıal in Contemporary Sculpture: Agency

Olcay GÜLTEPEArzu ATIL — 2026-07-16

In the post-Enlightenment period, influenced by positivist and humanist ideologies in Continental philosophy, the prevailing view has been that agency is solely a human-subject element and that the conscious orientations, wills and desires of humans shape the social structure as a sole agent. However, processes such as rapid depletion of natural resources, global human migrations, and pandemic disease demonstrate the inadequacy of the anthropocentric perspective in explaining and solving global issues. In disciplines such as archeology, anthropology and philosophy, a series of thought systems grouped under the title of new materialist theories have been discussed in recent years. These theories, which attribute agency to matter/material are defined as “return to matter” have also influenced the art world and have led to questioning established practices in the fields of art history, criticism, education and production. Discussions on material agency have provided a new perspective, evaluation, and position in contemporary sculpture art. Alongside this, in contemporary sculpture art, materials have moved beyond their traditional roles to become active content creators. The aim of this study is to trace the influence of ideological and socio-cultural movements that have shaped the agency of materials in contemporary sculpture art. It also seeks to explore the awareness of the role that materials play in shaping the meaning of artworks from the perspectives of artists, art critics, and art historians. Additionally, the historical process of integrating the characteristics of materials and their layers of social, cultural, and historical significance into the content creation in art education programs is examined.

Reading Ziya Osman Saba's Poems as His Personal History

Osman Nuri TOLAR — 2026-07-16

The leitmotif of Ziya Osman Saba's poems collected in the book Geçen Zaman-Nefes Almak is death and childhood. The difficult life of the poet since his childhood determined the content of his poems. His mother's death at a young age and his father's separation from Ziya Osman Saba by marrying for the second time affected his whole life. He experienced the happiness that he could not find in his first marriage, even if it was for a short time, in his second marriage. All the troubles, sorrows and pains he experienced in this period of his life are very evident in Geçen Zaman, where her poems that he wrote before his second marriage are collected. The fact that he conveyed his experiences, sufferings and hopes to his poetry gave rise to the idea that Saba was an individualist poet. However, Saba's personal history, troubles and sorrows are not far from the pain and sorrow of the people of the society to which he belongs, expressing that he can be a subject of "social anxiety" as a human being.

Piano Technique Analyses of Maurice Ravel Sonatine

Aslı TUNCAY — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this article is to introduce Sonatine, a three part work by Maurice Ravel, an important composer and pianist of 20th century. Sonatine is a difficult piece in regard of both performance and piano playing skill, requiring a strong knowledge of harmony and piano technique. While Ravel has named his work "Sonatine" rather than "Sonata", this proves misleading, considering the degree of difficulty of this piece in regard of piano skill. Ravel has purposefully selected this title, deeming it fit for the structure of the work which is comprised of parts shorter than chapters in classical sonata structure. Important characteristics of this work include its soft lyrical construction, its impressionist harmonic structure, irregular and unexpected pauses, rapidly changing phrase shifts, frequently used tempo changes, and symphonic use of harmonic changes and rhythm changes. While piano is a frequently preferred instrument for impressionist composers, it also prepares the ground for new pursuits in colour timbre and breadth of sound. Use and diversity of pedals gains importance in this period of time. Pedal technique with nuance and frequent tempo changes can be counted among basic aspects emphasising a misty colour of sound, which is a characteristic of impressionist period. Ravel is one of the greatest masters of impressionist music. The melodic, harmonic and rhythmic richness of his works is striking. This article selects some passages from some of his works in an effort to introduce the general structure of his works, and presents recommendations on performance to provide guidance for pianists who wishes to perform his works. In conclusion, recommendations are provided to shed light on and clarify particulars of performance.

Land Art in the Gallery: Richard Long

Neda İsmail ATAR — 2026-07-16

Site-specificity can be described as a hybrid mode of production that includes many art disciplines and is in elbow contact with installation, which can be traced back to Marcel Duchamp and Kurt Schwitters in the early 20th century. It is only in the 1960s that forms of artistic production that incorporate and exhibit practice and production processes become active in the art world. After the Second World War, capitalism, which made itself felt from the 1950s onwards, also showed its influence in the art world. Institutional structures such as galleries and museums played a leading role in the transformation of the art object into a commercial commodity, and were active enough to shape the works and the artistic life of the artists! In short, we can say that Land Art was born as a reaction to this situation. The fact that land artists realize their works directly in nature reveals their oppositional side. It is also a questioning of the traditional status of sculpture and they have shown this with site-specific products. From this point of view, Land Art can be considered a pioneer in the anti-art movements that took place in the art world of the 1960s. This movement, which can be considered as an attitude towards the institutionalized art world of the period, is parallel to the oppositional feelings in social events such as anti-capitalism, student movements and anti-war. Presented as a space of experience where the viewer can directly communicate with the work without watching it from the sidelines, the works of land art revealed their revolutionary spirit by rejecting the boundaries of the gallery, but this situation did not last long. The institutional structures of art, such as museums and galleries, include a flexible commercial environment where new and even opposing ideas are licensed and marketed. Land artists also surrendered to the art market, which can be seen as a career-building process, and although they initially presented their works outside of museums and galleries, in time they became subject to the system and produced art both on the land and in galleries. Richard Long, who made more subtle interventions than the American land artists, continued his production both in the field and in the gallery. This text aims to explain the institutional functioning of art and the seemingly inconsistent use of interior space in Land Art with a special focus on the artist Richard Long.

Phraseological Level of the Language

Şehrabanı ALLAHVERDİYEVA — 2026-07-16

The purpose of phraseology is to determine the position of phraseological units in the language, to explore their stylistic possibilities. The words included in this group are directly distant from their lexical meaning and do not have an independent meaning in isolation. Although phraseology has been dealt with before, it is considered one of the youngest branches of linguistics. In general, taking into account all that has been said, phraseological units and compositional terms are not considered units of either the lexical-semantic level or the syntactic level. In linguistics, the constituent parts of stable word combinations, which are called phraseological units or phraseologisms, do not have lexical meaning and cannot be separated into members morphologically and syntactically.

A Forgotten Author in Turkish Literature: Seyfettin Turhan and the Novel From the Ideal Person: The Helper of God

Sedef BOZPOLAT — 2026-07-16

Seyfettin Turhan is one of the forgotten story and novel writers of Turkish literature. Turhan, who started his literary life with a short story, published his first and only novel titled The Gospel of God, in 1948. The author, who is close to the village novel movement, wrote the Gospel of God in this direction. In the work in question, which is determined to be an example of a village novel, although the village and the villager are described, the emphasis is mainly on the "ideal human type", makes the work interesting. Behind the author's making such a subject the center of the novel, there are traces of the psychology created by the II. World War on the individual and society. Since the actual time of the novel is the late 1920s and the beginning of the 1940s, the author reveals the II. World War and the depression that humanity fell into. In this article, first of all, Seyfettin Turhan's life, whose information is very limited, is discussed and the plot of the novel The Gospel of God is included, since it is thought that it is not a known work. Afterwards, the conceptual dimension of idealism that came to the fore in the novel was mentioned, the idealist approach in the work has been evaluated from individual and social perspectives.

The Effect of Visual Arts Supported Geometry Teaching on Students' Creative Personality Traits and Academic Achievement

Hatice Gözde UYSALTuğba YANPAR YELKEN — 2026-07-16

The aim of the research is to design a visual arts-supported curriculum to meet the needs of 5th-grade students regarding the geometry course, to examine the perceptions and experiences of the students within this program, and to measure the effect of the designed program on student success and creative personality traits. In this context, a visual arts-supported curriculum was designed in teaching geometry. The designed curriculum was implemented for 5 weeks. The method of the research was chosen as an embedded mixed design. Other data about the impact of the designed curriculum on students' success and how it created changes in their creative personality traits were collected qualitatively and quantitatively. During the visual arts supported curriculum implementation (VSC), discourse analysis was conducted qualitatively through student diaries and interviews. Quantitatively, in order to measure the effect of the designed curriculum on students' creative personality traits and geometry achievements, the Creative Personality Characteristics Scale developed by Şahin and Danışman (2017) and the Ulupınar Özkuzukıran (2020) Mathematics Achievement Test were used at the beginning and end of the application. It was applied twice as a pre-test and post-test. The research group of the study consists of 23 students studying in the 5th grade at a public school in Mersin in the academic year of 2021-2022. The sample was selected by the purposeful sampling method. While analyzing the data, the paired sample t-test was used after normality tests. Qualitative data analysis was carried out using discourse analysis. As a result, the quantitative data of the application showed that it increased the academic achievement of mathematics and have no statistically significant differences on creativity. According to the qualitative data, it was revealed that the teacher and the students used the interactive dialogue chain design.