The Journal of Kesit Academy, Year 2024 Issue 39

Covid-19 and the Rise of ICT in Language Teaching

Aslıhan ERDOĞAN — 2026-07-16

COVID-19 pandemic has had such drastic effects on every sector in the world that technology has become a very significant part of our daily lives. Information Communication Technology (ICT) is a broader term that refers to computers, the internet, software, wireless networks, cell phones, social networks, video conferencing, and all other communication technologies. It has the capacity to represent an appropriate method for the teaching process of this age where students prepare for life through ICT. ICT skills equip students with the qualifications needed to face future challenges. They help students develop their skills and knowledge, and increase their motivation. English Language Teaching (ELT) is another area that has changed over the years, moving from very teacher-centered approaches to learner-centered ones. The pandemic has led to school closures and a reevaluation of teaching methods in all countries. Among the many changes, digital technologies have become a mandatory tool for all education. Given their dynamic and interactive nature, ICTs are able to meet the needs of individual students by allowing them to direct their individual learning. This study aims to investigate, through a literature review, whether ICTs have the potential to guide educational methods in the language classroom. It concludes that ICT has become an important tool for change and reform in education. However, it is too early to abandon the advantages of traditional teaching methods. There is a need for further studies that examine the advantages and disadvantages of using ICT in language teaching.

Hyperrealism and Robotic Art in Sculpture

Osman YILMAZ — 2026-07-16

This article investigates the copy and representation relations of hyperrealistic sculpture vis-à-vis reality and interprets the effects of humanoid robots, havinga new form of hyperrealstic sculpture, on art. In the landscape of contemporary art, hyperrealist sculpture emerges as an indication of the quest to imitate the reality of nature. This detailed art form, with its devotion to representation, sheds light on the tangible reality of fascinating sculptures. Although hyperreal sculpture creates a dilemma between reality and imitation, it brings the familiar and the unfamiliar closer together. Beyond the traditional understanding of figures, hyperrealistic sculpture ushered in a new era in sculpture with vivid replica figures such as high-resolution color photographs. Hyperreal sculpture not only blurred our perception between the real and unreal with its mimetic (imitation, copy or reflection) art style, but also created an uncanny situation. Towards the end of the 1960s, American (US) sculptor Duane Hansen made his first hyperreal sculptures on a one-to-one scale by taking molds directly from his models. Hansen was followed by his compatriot John De Anrea. De Andrea demonstrated both his copying technique and the difference in interpretation with his hyperreal figures in poses imitating old classical art. Following American artists, Australian artists began to pioneer hyperreal sculpture. Ron Mueck used the traditional modeling method instead of the direct molding method. He made us question human reality again with his extremely realistic figures in different proportions. Following Mueck's path, Sam Jinks pioneered a new style with his emotional compositions as well as his first hybrid figures in the style seen in Ancient Egyptian and Greek art. Jinks also participated in human-shaped robotic studies with his own copying techniques. Patricia Piccinini increased the dose of the uncanny with her transfigurations of the familiar and the unfamiliar. Robotics, which pioneered developments parallel to hyperreal sculpture, brought science and art together under the same roof. Robotic art created artificial intelligence-supported synthetic personalities by imitating behaviors such as movement and speech to the figures animated by hyperreal sculpture. The uncannyness created by humanoid characters was reinterpreted as the "Uncanny Valley" by roboticist Masahiro Mori, unaware of the pioneers of modern psychology. Animatronic art, another multidisciplinary art form of robotic art, pioneered a new way of making art. Jordon Wolfson's animatronic sculptures, which emphasize the uncanny, pioneered this style.

Wedding Gown Dresses Worn by Macedonian Refugee Women

Feriha YILDIZKadriye Didem ATİŞ ,Ayşe Gamze ÖNGEN — 2026-07-16

Macedonia is an important region in the Balkans with its geographical location, ethnic structure, religion, language, and cultural characteristics. The arrival and settlement of Turks in these lands began with the Battle of Maritsa in 1371. With the end of Ottoman rule in these lands due to the Balkan Wars between 1912-1913, the Turkish population in the region was forced to migrate to Turkey. In this study conducted on the marriage tradition of the Kınalı migrants who migrated to the province of Sakarya, it has been observed that they strive to preserve their culture tightly and transfer it to future generations. During the research, Kınalı migrant families were visited, and oral interviews (interviews) were conducted with the elders of the families. As a result of the interviews, it has been found that nowadays young girls no longer prefer to wear traditional bridal dresses, but they partially sustain this tradition by wearing these clothes only at henna nights and on important occasions. Therefore, it has been noted that the number of people who produce the fabrics, decoration techniques, materials, and accessories used in bridal dresses is gradually decreasing. In this context, it is believed that this research is important for transferring and sustaining many significant pieces of information about the production, design, and decoration characteristics of the Macedonian (Kınalı) bridal dress, the materials used in the garments, the variety of accessories, the order of dressing, rituals, which are traditional handicrafts, to future generations. Additionally, due to the scarcity of sources on this topic, it is thought that the study will provide valuable information to researchers. All information obtained in the study aims to be presented with visual data support.

An Evaluation of the Trekking Routes of Kilis Province in the Context of Ecotourism

Melda AKBABAGamze ÖZEL — 2026-07-16

With the increasing importance and interest given to ecotourism activities in the world, ecotourism supply resources have started to be evaluated as touristic activities in order to provide social, economic and environmental development of the regions and to ensure sustainability. In this way, it is important to determine the ecotourism supply resources of the regions within the scope of touristic product diversity and to ensure local development. The aim of the study is to determine and evaluate the trekking routes at the point of bringing natural resources to ecotourism in Kilis province and to make various suggestions for bringing them to tourism. In the study, in order to determine the trekking routes in Kilis province, an evaluation was made by taking into account the data experienced and shared by travelers from the Wikiloc application, the GPS application for orientation in nature, where the world's best outdoor routes are shared and discovered. In the Wikiloc application, 135 individual routes were obtained by searching for the best routes in Kilis province (Türkiye) and 13 routes were taken into consideration. These routes include the centre of Kilis and the districts of Musabeyli and Polateli. In addition, the distance, technical difficulty, maximum altitude, minimum altitude, type, duration and coordinates of the routes were included in the route statistics created by travelers in the Wikiloc application used to determine the trekking routes. As a result, it was determined that the routes determined by the travelers in Kilis province within the scope of ecotourism are capable of supporting the faith, gastronomy, history and cultural tourism of Kilis province and creating an attractive power with its climate and vegetation.

Pitz Ball Game and Its Reflections on Today

Rabia ÖZKILIÇOsman İMAMOĞLU — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to investigate the reflections of the pitz game, which was a ball game played in the Central American region in ancient times, to the present day. A literature review was conducted. This ancient ball game was played under the name “pitz” among the Mayans and “õllamaliztli” among the Aztecs. This sport began to be played by the pre-Columbian people of Ancient Central America at least as early as 1650 BC, and it had a number of ritual connotations. It is considered a sport played by women and children, kings and even gods. The religious connotations of this game were also included in the Mayan creation myths. It was also played during sacrifice ceremonies. The ancient Central American sport, the rules of which are not known with certainty, is still played today in some parts of Guatemala and Mexico. Like other sports of the ancient period, it was practiced under religious influences and, according to some sources, it is thought to be fatal. This ball game varied across different periods and cultures, from a sport more like squash or tennis to something more like basketball. It may be the origin of today’s sports such as volleyball or racquetball. Games can serve to resolve conflicts between people and connect them to their cultural past.

Digital and Sculpture as A Design Factor of Collage Art

Nida KANGonca Hülya YAYAN — 2026-07-16

With the development of science and technology, changes in the socio-cultural structure, industrialization, and urbanization have played an important role in the development of art. During this period, artists went beyond traditional expression and entered new searches. By taking advantage of the possibilities of techniques and materials in every society, they have created new forms of expression and directed their own arts. Collage art, one of these arts, is made from newspapers, posters, labels, photographs, printed materials, mirrors, fabrics, etc. He created a form of expression by cutting objects and pasting them on the canvas. Collage includes concepts such as assemblage, montage, and photomontage. But collage as a design tool is not only used in painting butit has been included in many art fields such as sculpture, books, jewelry, digital art, architecture, patchwork, graphics, and music, and in all interdisciplinary designs. Collage art, which is based on a way of thinking rather than a technique, has been used effectively in Cubism, Dadaist, Surrealist, Abstract Art, Pop Art, Contemporary art, and current art. Among the artists who pioneered an era and saw collage as a means of artistic expressionartists such as Henri Matisse, Brague, Pablo Picasso, Kurt Schwitters, and Marcel Hamilton come to mind. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the design areas where collage art is reflected. In the study, the literature review was used to collect data through the qualitative research method. Among the areas where collage is reflected, the research is limited to fifteen artworks one work from Alessandro Bavari, Anna Ursyn, James Faure Walker, Nil Yalter, and Hamdi Telli in digital art, and one work from Pablo Picasso, Marcel Duchamp, Vladimir Tatlin, Meret Oppenheim, Robert Morris, Nam June Paik, Raoul Hausmann, Akio Takamori, Richard Aldrich, and Hande Sekerciler. The universe of the research was considered as different works in which collage is reflected, and its reflections on Digital and Sculpture Art as examples. Collage art has created forms of expression with richer material possibilities by taking part in many contemporary movements with sculpture art, even with limited materials in digital art.

Public Official's Crime of Accessing Personal Data

Enes AKSU — 2026-07-16

Giving, disseminating and seizing personal data to someone else unlawfully, Article 136/1 of the Turkish Penal Code. They are regulated as optional acts of the crime regulated in the paragraph. The commission of these actions by a public official and by abusing the authority of his/her office constitutes the qualified form of the crime. Public officers; They are people who participate in the execution of public activities on a permanent, temporary or temporary basis, through appointment or election or in any other way. The main people responsible for protecting the privacy of people's private lives and personal data are public officials who provide ease of access to these data with public power. For public officials, the definition of the act of seizing personal data is more complex due to the powers given to them depending on the basic form of the crime. As long as they are not restricted by the data controller, officers can query personal information and review existing records in the system for which they are authorized at any time. From the act of seizing personal data by public officials by abusing the authority given by their duties; It should be checked whether the limits of their authority have been exceeded and whether they have acted with an unlawful motive, even if they are within the limits of their authority. In this context, it is not acceptable for a public official to abuse his authority to access data that has already been processed and therefore stored in the institution's system and to have information about the data only through his sense organs. In our study, first of all, the concept of personal data and the elements related to the simple form of the crime are mentioned. The qualified situation in which the public official is the perpetrator of the crime, especially what should be understood from the act of obtaining personal data through abuse of authority, was emphasized. Finally, evaluations were made about the current norm.

el-Hûî's Assessment About the Accuracy of the Narrations in Kütûb-i Erbaa

Hasan SELAM — 2026-07-16

Abu'l-Qasim b. Ali Akbar b. Hâşim Mûsevî al-Hûî, the book Muʿcemü Ricâli’l-ḥadîs̱ and Tafṣîlü ṭabaḳāti’r-Ravât in the girizgah of the first period of the first period. However, in later periods, the science of rijal was neglected. So much so that a belief has emerged that ijtihad and sharia rules are not necessary for inference. For this reason, I intend to write a comprehensive book that bears the characteristics of this science. In the introduction of the work, which he arranged alphabetically, he stated that not every narrator who narrated from innocent imams can be evidence (evidence), but that only the news of those who are trustworthy and good can be received, and this can be known through the science of rijal, and that he wrote his work for this purpose. The author examined all the narrators mentioned in the hadiths in Kutub-i Arbaa, which is considered to be the Kutub-i Sitte belonging to the Ahl al-Sunnah in the eyes of Imamiyya Shia, and as a result, he said that it is not certain that all the narrations came from innocent imams. Because among these narrators, there are weak, liar, cursed, those who are known to have fabricated hadiths, and unknown narrators. Stating that the authenticity of the hadiths in Kutub-i Arbaa is doubtful, al-Hûî evaluates these books separately, shows with evidence that they contain news that cannot be authentic from innocent imams, and gives the necessary answers to those who express a contrary opinion on this issue.

Apart from this, all necessary care has been taken in the science of rical. The situation of the narrators in Kütüb-i Erbaa in terms of correction and amendment has been revealed. In this way, an attempt was made to determine the value of the four books in terms of hadith science. It has been tried to prove with examples that it is not certain that Kutub-i Erbaa, which consists of el-Kâfî, Men lâ Yahduruhu'l-Fakîh, el-İstizkâr and el-İstibsar, is one of the imams and that not all of the hadiths they contain are authentic. He tried to refute the thesis that it is certain that the narrations in Kutub-i Arbaa are from innocent people and that all the hadiths they contain are authentic, by giving examples mostly from the narrations of al-Kāfī, probably because al-Huī was elevated to the holy level by the Shia scholars.

The Effects of the Ancient Olympics on the Modern Olympics and Their Reflections on Today

Erol DOĞANOsman iMAMOĞLU — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the ancient Olympics on the modern Olympics and their reflections on today. A literature review has been made. Numerous works have been written on the ancient Olympics and Greek sports. These works have been tried to be expressed based on archaeological remains, epics and inscriptions. In this study, some common views from these expressions were tried to be determined. It is the city of Olympia in Greece, where the ancient Olympics first emerged. The first competitions were athletics that is, running competitions. It is widely believed that boxing, wrestling, pentathlon, pancreas and athletics included discus and javelin throwing. Honoring the gods, they believed in during the first appearance of the games is an important factor. They built competition areas and had trainers to train the athletes. Often their athletes competed naked or were portrayed as such. The biggest of the games called sacred are still held today as the Olympic Games. In ancient Greece, only women participated in the games (Hera games). Women did not compete in the ancient Olympic Games. Some rules in the ancient games and Olympics have changed and continue in today's sports. Some sports, such as pancreatic and torch races, are a thing of the past. Again, undesirable behaviors such as violence, corruption and cheating in sports seen in today's sports have been observed. There are different opinions on when the ancient Olympics were concluded. It would not be wrong to say that the Ancient Greek Olympics were ended by the Roman Emperors, and they started new Olympics in Rome. It has been determined that the Olympics organized on behalf of the Roman Empire were held in Antakya for the last time in 526 AD. It may be suggested to reclassify the ancient Olympic Games according to dates and organizing countries.

The Relationship of State and Society in Ottoman Thought from Word Order to New Order

Mert Can ERDOĞAN — 2026-07-16

In the Ottoman political thought, the relationship of the state with society was explained with a comprehensive theory and intertwined concepts. Accordingly, the ultimate goal of all political processes was to build the public order called the order of the world. The existence of this order depended on the internal balance of the society and the continuity of production. The internal balance of the society was ensured by the four classes that made up the society acting in harmony with each other. For this reason, the approach in question was called erkan-ı erbaa, that is, the theory of four elements. The continuity of production was explained by a theory called the circle of justice, which linked the existence of the state to the welfare of the people. However, at the turn of the 17th century the state-society relationship changed in the Ottoman Empire. The circle of justice and the theory of four elements, which were used to explain the Ottoman power and success started to be used to find solutions to the problems encountered in that period. From the late 16th to the mid-17th century the Ottomans saw the problems they faced as deviations from the circle of justice and deteriorations in the social order, and they proposed to return to the circle of justice and ensure social balance as a solution. However, the starting from the mid-17th century, the Ottoman writers became convinced that it was not possible to return to the past and began to seek solutions for the changing society with an Ibn Khaldun approach. Then in the 18th century, the Ottomans, under the influence of new intellectual movements coming from Europe, began to see society as a structure that not only could change, but also needed to be changed. In this context, instead of the concept of a state that provides justice to the public and maintains social balance for its own survival, they adopted the concept of a state that shapes the social structure, improves production capacity and obtains the most income from the resulting production for its own survival.

A Study on the Vocabulary in Şermin Yaşar’s Children’s Literature Works

Derya YAMAN KUNDUZ — 2026-07-16

When it comes to the vocabulary of a language, all the words in a language come to mind. In other words, the whole of the words belonging to a language constitutes the vocabulary of that language. Although Turkish language is rich in terms of vocabulary, the studies conducted to reveal this richness are not sufficient. As such, studies aimed at determining the vocabulary have become extremely important. In the study titled “Analysis of Şermin Yaşar’s Children’s Literature Works in Terms of Vocabulary”, it is aimed to reveal the vocabulary used in the works of Şermin Yaşar, one of the most widely read children’s literature writers in the recent period, and to contribute to the studies in this field. In this direction, the study firstly deals with “vocabulary and its scope”. The elements of vocabulary are explained. In the findings section, the elements of vocabulary used by the author in his works (idioms, proverbs, doublings, phrases, reflections and compound verbs) are determined and their usage percentages in the works are given. In the conclusion part, the issue of whether these usage rates in the works are sufficient in terms of child language development is discussed. The results of this study show that Şermin Yaşar, one of the most widely read authors especially by children, has a rich vocabulary in terms of the language material she uses in her works in the field of children’s literature.

Finding the Magic of the Ordinary in Art: Füsun Onur

Gülen EREN — 2026-07-16

Füsun Onur, one of Turkey's pioneering Conceptual artists, has a remarkable importance in enriching the expressive possibilities of sculpture during her era. Rather than adhering to traditional styles favored by İstanbul State Academy of Fine Arts and art circles, Onur prompts viewers to question the very definition of sculpture by placing herself at the center of the possibilities her life offers. In challenging conventional forms of sculpture, she incorporates space into her works and transcends disciplinary boundaries. For nearly twenty years, Onur received little support in Türkiye due to her role in publishing artistic boundaries and embracing the ruptures of her time. Her ability to emancipate herself within the context of her era is crucial for the continuity of her artistic practice. By exploring concepts of time and space in her works, Onur transforms the "ordinary" into a “magical” moment and persistently expands her artistic expression. Grounding her art in metaphor, she avoids dictating the viewer's interpretation, creating an atmosphere where the meaning of the artwork multiplies. While recognition of Onur’s contributions in art circles has been somewhat delayed, her artistic language is now increasingly appreciated for its ability to evade conventional moulds, allowing her works to be interpreted more openly.

The Origin of Some Sports In Ancient Egypt, The Role of Sports In Society And Festival Celebrations

Osman İMAMOĞLU Feyzullah KOCA — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to investigate the origin of some sports performed in Ancient Egypt, the role of sports in society and festival celebrations. A literature review was conducted. In ancient Egypt, sports activities were performed by everyone in their society as a part of traditional culture. The sports performed can be seen in the tombs of the kings. Along with sports such as hunting, archery, wrestling and dancing, the ancient Egyptians invented the “Heb-Sed” festival, meaning ‘the festival of thirty years’. They invented the first festival celebrations. The pharaohs themselves also played sports, engaged in hunting activities, and showed their power to their people outside of having fun. While peace wrestling was held in palaces during the Ottoman period, it was observed that the first forms of this practice emerged in the form of kings watching sports practices from the windows of their palaces. It is stated that Egypt was the first country in the world to organize competitions similar to the later Olympic Games, starting from the reign of Ramses I. All of the sports in ancient Egypt have been found in murals in ancient Egyptian tomb painting, such as the Tombs of Bani Hasan and the tombs of Amenhotep. Result: While some sports performed in the ancient Egyptian civilization have become Olympic sports today (Wrestling, weightlifting, archery, gymnastics, handball, etc.), some sports have been included in the category of sports performed internationally (Rope pulling, etc.). While some sports are practiced today by changing the rules (such as stick fighting and fencing), some sports remain traditional. In ancient Egypt, sports were not just recreational activities. Sports activities had symbolic, cultural and religious significance. They were a testament to the physical strength and agility of the Egyptians and remain an integral part of their social structure to this day.

Investigation of the Relationship Between the Self-Efficacy Levels and Problem-Solving Skill Levels of Music Teacher Candidates

Merve Nihan ERTEKİN KAYAOnur GÜÇLÜ — 2026-07-16

In this research, which aims to determine the self-efficacy levels and problem-solving skill levels of music teacher candidates, to examine them according to gender and age variables, and to determine the relationship between self-efficacy levels and problem-solving skill levels, at Gazi University, Necmettin Erbakan University and Ömer Halisdemir University in 2016-2017. 306 music teacher candidates studying in the academic year participated. “Self-Efficacy-Sufficiency” scale and “Problem Solving Inventory” were used as measurement tools in the research. The analysis of the data obtained was made with the SPSS program. As a result of the research, the self-efficacy levels of music teacher candidates were good; Their problem solving skills are at a medium level; There is no statistically significant difference in the self-efficacy and sub-dimension levels of starting the behavior, maintaining the behavior, completing the behavior and coping with obstacles of the music teacher candidates according to the gender variable; According to the age variable, it was determined that the self-efficacy and behavior initiation and behavior completion levels were higher in students aged 21 and over, showing a statistically significant difference. In the study, it was found that the problem solving skill levels of music teacher candidates did not show a statistically significant difference according to age variable; According to the gender variable, there was a statistically significant difference in favor of female students; It was determined that there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of problem solving confidence, approach-avoidance style and personal control sub-dimensions according to gender and age variables. The study concluded that the relationship between music teacher candidates' self-efficacy levels and problem-solving skills is positive and significant.

Examination of the Grammar Activities in the Secondary School Turk-ish Textbooks in terms of Modality Category

Gülay KONAÇOĞLU Mediha MANGIR — 2026-07-16

Language is a multifaceted phenomenon. The form layer of language has been the subject of research for a long time and has been analyzed and evaluated. However, in order to better understand and make sense of the phenomenon of language, studies on the meaning layer of language have recently increased. Studies on mood and modality are among the semantic studies on the meaning layer of language. While mood is a grammatical concept, modality is a semantic structure. Modality as a semantic category can be marked by morphological, lexical, syntactic and discursive elements. Activities are one of the basic tools in textbooks, which are the basic materials of Turkish language teaching. There are many structures in grammar activities. Modality is considered as the category of reaching meaning in text analysis and grammar activities. In order to better understand the texts and thus the language, it is necessary to reach the deep structure of the morphological units in the activities prepared for grammar teaching, and to reveal the modality, which is a semantic scientific structure. In this study, it is aimed to determine the modality in the deep structure by examining the grammar activities in the Secondary School and Imam Hatip Secondary School Turkish textbooks recommended to be taught by the Ministry of National Education as of 2019. In addition, the identified modality elements were evaluated in terms of their semantic structures. As a result of the examinations and evaluations, it has been determined that Turkish textbooks include activities that focus on the formal structure of morphemes rather than their semantic structure, and that the activities that draw attention to the modality and point out the modal values of morphemes are insufficient.

Traumatic Effects of Migration on Contemporary Artworks

Ebru DEDE — 2026-07-16

In this study, contemporary art examples that reflect psychologically traumatic emotional effects such as lack of belonging and chaos experienced by immigrants will be examined in order to break the prejudices that lead to marginalizing attitudes and behaviors against immigrants. The contemporary art examples given in the research have been analyzed using mixed methods. Interdisciplinary methods of contemporary art dealing with social issues offer creative techniques suitable for depicting migration problems. Contemporary works of art produced with these creative methods can communicate visually with immigrants and local people living with immigrants so that they can understand the immigration problem from various perspectives. As a result of the literature research and sample analysis, it has been determined that migration is a global problem that can happen to anyone, that it is not a free choice of the immigrant, that migration can have chaotic and psychologically traumatic consequences, and it has been revealed how the given contemporary art examples show these effects to the audience with different techniques and methods.

The Method of Inference from the Sunnah in the Aqaid Issues of Musa Carullah Bigiyef

Esra YILDIRIM — 2026-07-16

The difficulties encountered in the Islamic world in the 19th century mobilized Muslim thinkers living in different parts of the world to understand this crisis correctly and seek solutions. It is accepted that Islamic thought has lost its former vitality. Scientists and intellectuals such as Mûsâ Cârullah have adopted reformist approaches to bring dynamism to Islamic thought, stating that in addition to political troubles, the Islamic thought tradition has become stagnant and the dynamics contained in Islam have been neglected. Although Musa Carullah attaches importance to scientific developments, he tends to review the basic values of Islam in a more comprehensive manner. In this sense, circumcision was a concept that he emphasized sensitively. He discussed the position of circumcision from a broad perspective. He associates the Quran's being evidence in religion with the acceptance of the Sunnah as evidence. He included the source of the sunnah in his method of analyzing faith-related issues. It is seen that he referred to the sunnah in his thoughts and evaluations about Isra and Mi'raj events, the descent of Jesus and the encompassing nature of divine mercy. In this study, we will focus on Mûsâ Cârullah's method of resorting to circumcision in the context of these faith issues.

A Research on Attitudes and Satisfaction of Consumers Using Online Food and Beverage Ordering Method: The Case of Van Province

Erol GEÇGİNTeslime GÜNEY — 2026-07-16

Customer satisfaction is one of the most important factors for businesses that provide online food and beverage services. In order to ensure customer satisfaction, a quality e-service must be provided. With this research, it is aimed to determine the factors affecting the attitude and satisfaction of online service users in Van province and to guide food and beverage businesses and entrepreneurs in the sector about online consumers. In this research, quantitative research method was used. The research population consists of consumers living in Van province. Using convenience sampling method, data were collected by applying online and face-to-face surveys to 425 consumers living in Van province. In the research, the scale of attitudes of online food and beverage ordering users consists of 4 sub-dimensions as ease of use, perceived benefit, perceived trust and perceived hygiene. The purchase satisfaction scale consists of 6 questions. As a result of the analyses conducted in the study, it was determined that there is a relationship between ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived trust and perceived hygiene and purchase satisfaction. Gender and marital status have been found to create a significant difference on the perceived benefit and perceived trust dimension. In the study, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between education level and income level and purchase satisfaction. It is concluded that there is no significant relationship between age and purchase satisfaction.

Floods in Amasya (1931-1941)

Turgut İLERİ — 2026-07-16

Floods and flood disasters have taken an important place among natural disasters with their devastating effects in human history. In terms of loss of life and property, it ranked second after earthquakes and first in the list of meteorological disasters. This has been the case in Turkey as well as in the world. Floods and overflows have frequently occurred in cities, towns, villages and hamlets located close to riverbeds. One of the cities exposed to such natural disasters is Amasya. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the social dimensions of the consequences of the flood disasters that occurred in Amasya, a historical city, in a time that can be considered the first years of the Republican Era. The boundaries of the study are between 1931 and 1941, when floods and disasters were common. It was determined that flood disasters occurred almost every year during the period we examined. Leaving aside the small-scale floods, the floods experienced during the mentioned period caused the destruction of houses in Amasya and the surrounding villages and towns, great material damage to cultivated lands and human losses. Railway transportation, which has a very important place in transportation, has stopped due to the damage given to train stations and roads. In the face of these disasters, meetings were held with the Red Crescent Society (Red Crescent) in the provincial center under the chairmanship of the governor, and aid was immediately provided to the disaster victims in accordance with the decisions taken. The Governorship tried to provide the necessary food and drink to the people in the areas where the disaster occurred, and assistance was provided from the people in other villages under the supervision of the Gendarmerie Company Command to save the people and their animals in the flooded villages. It has been determined that the floods and flood disasters experienced in the mentioned period negatively affected the production, communication, and transportation activities of social life in Amasya and its surroundings and caused human losses.

An Assessment Example in the Scope of Painting Course in the Light of Alternative Assessment Methods

Mücahit BORA — 2026-07-16

The text notes that education programs developed recently in Turkey and the world focus on constructivist, project-based learning, problem-solving, critical thinking, and effective communication skills. Therefore, new measurement and evaluation approaches that are consistent with these learning theories have been developed and implemented, such as complementary, process-oriented, or alternative assessment. Alternative assessment methods include portfolio assessment, self-assessment, peer assessment, group assessment, rating scales, concept maps, and checklists. The main objective of this study is to use a combination of alternative evaluation methods such as portfolio assessment, self-assessment, peer assessment, group assessment, and instructor evaluation, and determine the degree of similarity or correspondence between the results obtained at each evaluation stage. To achieve this goal, students taking a course called "Main Field of Art: Painting" were asked to do theoretical and practical work, and two-dimensional works were collected in a portfolio every week. Then, self-assessment, peer assessment, group assessment, and instructor assessment were performed based on the portfolios. In the joint evaluation, the faculty members actively participated in the evaluation process and individual evaluations were conducted through an open discussion method. In the group evaluation, a fifteen-member evaluation group was formed from among the students deemed successful by the faculty member, and showcase-worthy works were selected and evaluated. The results of these four-stage evaluations were compared, and the extent to which the results obtained from the different evaluation methods overlapped or did not overlap was comparatively evaluated to reach a conclusion. Before conducting these evaluation processes, all students were informed in detail about which qualities needed to be evaluated, the corresponding points for these qualities, and the importance of being honest during the evaluation process, with an effort to prevent emotional evaluations.

Climate Change and Art

Bayram DAĞLI Bülent POLAT — 2026-07-16

Throughout human history, the relationship between man and nature has undergone changes. From the first man to the present day, the climate has shaped human life for thousands of years. However, in recent centuries, this situation has begun to change predominantly. Climate changes have begun to be experienced globally with impacts such as human-induced fossil fuels, deforestation, land use, industrial processes and greenhouse gas emissions, and it is predicted that the effects will grow in the coming years. The warnings to be made by climate science alone are not enough, and it is necessary to create new alternatives in all vital areas in order to mobilize all humanity on this issue and to create sensitivity. One of the alternative ways is through ways of artistic expression that are clearly designed to address critical and as yet unanswered questions and issues, that will be part of nature and that will convey/contain messages. In this context: What is the role of art in embodying climate change through artistic means and in creating an awareness in the social sphere? it was determined as a question of the research. In order to answer this question, descriptive method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The issues and problems related to climate change that concern society and individuals were examined, the view of art on climate and climate change, the attitude of artists and their works against this important problem were discussed and evaluated. In the research, it was seen that artists express the effects of climate change in artistic ways with an interdisciplinary perspective and it was concluded that their studies could play important roles in raising awareness in the cultural-social field.

Examination of Hope Levels of Psychological Counselor Candidates

Taha Berkay BÖREKÇİ — 2026-07-16

Purpose: The main purpose of the study is to examine the relationships between the satisfaction of autonomy, competence and relatedness needs, which are conceptualized as basic psychological needs in self-determination theory, and hopelessness levels in counselor candidates.

Method: The sample consists of 300 students studying in the Department of Guidance and Psychological Counseling at Kazım Karabekir Faculty of Education. In the study, the Personal Information Form “Beck Hopelessness Scale” and “Need Satisfaction Scale” were used.

Finding: According to the results of the research, the following findings were obtained. A negative correlation was found between the students' Beck hopelessness-scale scores and their need satisfaction. Accordingly, as the need satisfaction score increases, the hopelessness score decreases significantly. It was determined that the answers given to the Beck Hopelessness Scale total scores made a significant difference in terms of gender. It was observed that women's hopelessness levels were significantly lower than men's. According to the research findings, it is seen that there is a significant difference between the groups when the results of the one-way variance analysis are examined according to the Beck Hopelessness Scale total score averages and their profession adoption status.

Limitations of the Study: This study has some limitations. The first of these is that the accessible universe determined for the research is limited to Erzurum Atatürk University Kazım Karabekir Education Faculty. In the second limitation, the results obtained from the study are limited to the data obtained from the measurement tools used in this study.

Results: As a result, in this study in which the hopelessness levels of the students of the Guidance and Psychological Counseling Department were examined by various variables; The relationships between the sub-dimensions of need satisfaction and the variables of professional acceptance and hopelessness were in parallel with the literature, while the class level variable revealed different results from the literature studies.

Investigation of Middle School Mathematics Course Video in Educational Information Network (Eba)

Habip TAŞOsman BURAN — 2026-07-16

In the century we live in, technology has penetrated every aspect of our lives. Education comes first among these branches. The Movement to Increase Opportunities and Improve Technology (FATİH) project, initiated by the Ministry of National Education (MEB) in our country, is one of the important steps emphasizing the role of technology in education. Within the scope of the FATİH project, classroom environments are equipped with smart boards and the Education Information Network (EBA) has been established to provide e-content for teachers and students. EBA has many lecture videos and interactive content that teachers can use in their lessons. The aim of this study is to use secondary school mathematics course videos and interactive contents on EBA, established by the Ministry of Education; to examine it in terms of variables such as duration, number of views, distribution of course videos according to classes, relationship with learning objectives. In the study, a total of 312 lesson videos and 144 interactive content belonging to secondary school fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth grade mathematics courses were watched twice by two mathematics educators who are experts in the field and examined in terms of the specified variables. The data obtained was analyzed with the descriptive analysis method. The classification made by the two researchers was compared and calculated with the reliability formula developed by Miles et al., (1994) (reliability = (consensus / consensus + disagreement) x 100) and the agreement between them was found to be 94%. The analysis results obtained are presented in tables. This study is an important step to understand the effects of the use of technology in education and to contribute to the development of more effective methods in education.

German Schauburg Theater Children's Play Examination of Moving Posters According to Graphic Design Principles

Ayfer DEMİRELKader SÜRMELİ — 2026-07-16

Nowadays, moving posters which are a consequence of the technical possibilities of computer-aided design and animation programs, are widely used. The dynamism of moving posters designed by combining graphic design with the element of movement, strengthens the communication by conveying the message to the target audience in a very eye-catching way. Designing a harmonious and balanced combination of motion and motionless elements in posters are important in conveying the message to the target audience. During the production process of moving posters, their compliance with graphic design principles such as balance, emphasis, rhythm and hierarchy is taken into consideration. Theater posters are a graphic design product that allows a staged work to be announced to the target audience. Children's theater, which has a child audience, is both entertaining and educational. In addition to the content of children's plays, poster designs must also comply with the principles of child-friendliness and child reality. In order to design a poster tailored to the child, the graphic designer must know the children's developmental characteristics and their interests. In this study, a literature review was conducted on theatre; characteristics of the child audience and poster design elements, and the features that should be present in the designs of children's theater posters were determined. In the light of the findings, moving poster designs of children's plays of the German Schauburg Theater; was examined according to graphic design principles.

Narrative and Informative Reading Texts of 7th Grade Students Writ-ten Retelling Skills

Veysel İNCE Yusuf DOĞAN — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this research is to determine to what level of 7th grade students' read narrative and informative reading texts skill to retelling in writing. In the study, correlational model, one of the quantitative research methods, was used. The research group is 90 7th grade students who continue their education in Ankara in the 2023-2024 academic year. In determining the research group, the principles of easy availability and applicability were taken into consideration. Data collection tools included in which two reading texts, one narrative and the other informative, rubrics, written expression form, semantic differential scale. In the analysis of the research data, uncorrelated t-test, t-test for simple correlation and correlated samples, and descriptive analysis were used. As a result of the research, it was seen that there was a significant relationship between 7th grade students' points on retell by writing a narrative and informative text they read and gender, and the year-end point average of 5th and 6th grade Turkish course. Accordingly, the points of retell by writing a narrative text read by female students are higher than those of male students. In the study, when the average points of 7th grade students regarding their ability to retell a narrative text they read in writing and their ability to retell an informative text they read in writing were examined, it was seen that there was a significant difference between the points of the students in favor of the narrative text. The students participating in the research found the narrative reading text more interesting and easier than the informative text, application about the text more fun and useful, and the retelling of the text in writing more enjoyable and easier. Based on the research results, suggestions were made that having students do retelling exercises in the classroom could be beneficial in terms of understanding the text and recognizing the text types.

Biennals as the Contemporary Art Canon and the Position of the Artist

Olcay GÜLTEPE — 2026-07-16

Large-scale, multinational, recurring contemporary art exhibitions such as biennials, triennials, Documenta and Manifesta have increased gradually in the last 10 years and today their number exceeds 300. In addition to the economic and cultural contributions it provides to the city where organizations involving millions of visitors and thousands of artists are held, it is also of great importance for the art market in the context of the transformation of symbolic capital into economic capital. The works, called biennial art and presented to the audience in wide-ranging exhibitions, differ from the established styles and methods in the visual arts, both in terms of the media and medium used, as well as in the context of production methods and time-space relations. This mode of production, which constitutes the canon of contemporary art, has created an environment where vision-based retinal art is no longer in demand. Nowadays, it becomes possible for works of art to reach the masses and be purchased by collectors and museums at high prices, with the inclusion of multinational exhibitions such as biennials. Changing production and exhibition models in the art world demand that the artist adapt to the new system. With biennial art, the executive curator, who is equipped with decision-making authority at almost every stage of the show, plays an active role in directing the artist's creative freedom in favor of the preferred art style by partially reducing the role of the artist. Works accepted to biennials exceed the individual possibilities of the artist in financial and technical terms and create the need for cooperation with different disciplines and economic support. In this study, the process of biennial art becoming the dominant model at the global level as the canon of contemporary art will be investigated and the effects of the new model on the artist's position and production in the art world will be discussed.

Adaptation of the Management Trustworthiness Behavior Scale (MTB) into Turkish: Validity and Reliability Study

Esra BECERİKLİMuharrem KÖKLÜ — 2026-07-16

The purpose of this study is to adapt the Management Trustworthiness Behavior Scale developed by Chory and Medvel (2005) into Turkish and to conduct validity and reliability studies. For the pilot study of the research including maximum likelihood analysis, item analysis, reliability analysis and item total correlation analysis, 300 primary school teachers working in Kağıthane, Beşiktaş, Şişli, Beyoğlu and Sarıyer public primary schools in Istanbul were determined as the sample. The Cronbach Alpha value of the scale was 0.95. In the analysis made for scale expressions and scale total correlation values, it was seen that the expression - total correlation value was above 0.30. The relationships between the scale expressions and the total score obtained from the scale ranged between 0.509-0.717; It was observed that these relationships did not cause any statistical problems. Since the item was removed from the scale, AFA analysis was started with the Maximum Likelihood technique. Then KMO and Bartlett analyses, which are the prerequisites for exploratory factor analysis, were performed and significant results were observed. In the explanatory factor analysis, 10 factors were obtained from the scale. It was observed that the factor load values varied between 0.826 and 0.950 and there was no need to remove items from the scale. For confirmatory factor analysis, 564 primary school teachers from the districts in the study were selected as a sample. As a result of the analysis, item factor loadings were found to be at acceptable values. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, it was revealed that the most important values were at excellent levels. As a result, it was seen that the Turkish adaptation of the scale showed sufficient validity and reliability.

Dilbilgisi Öğretiminde Karşılaşılan Sorunlar ve Öneriler: Bir Durum Çalışması

Hasan GÜN Metin ETDÖĞER — 2026-07-16

The aim of this study is to research the case of success on grammar teaching, used materials, teaching methods at secondary education institutions. In this study, in which case study, one of the qualitative research methods is used, the study group is determined by using the criterion sampling model. The study group consists of 17 teachers who teach Turkish Language and Literature lesson at four different high schools in Elazığ. A semi structured interview is developed for collecting data by interview from teachers in the study group. The data obtained from research are solved by descriptive content analysis technique. According to the obtained data, teachers who participates in research stated that they have problems about strategy in grammar teaching, curriculum, teaching approach, lesson tools, time, student readiness and bring for war. The aim of this study is to research the case of success on grammar teaching, used materials, teaching methods at secondary education institutions. In this study, in which case study, one of the qualitative research methods is used, the study group is determined by using the criterion sampling model. The study group consists of 17 teachers who teach Turkish Language and Literature lesson at four different high schools in Elazığ. A semi structured interview is developed for collecting data by interview from teachers in the study group. The data obtained from research are solved by descriptive content analysis technique. According to the obtained data, teachers who participates in research stated that they have problems about strategy in grammar teaching, curriculum, teaching approach, lesson tools, time, student readiness and bring forward suggestions and expectations to have success on grammar teaching.

Ludis, Wrestling Activities and Their Reflections on Today during the Roman Empire

Feyzullah KOCA Osman İMAMOĞLU — 2026-07-16

In this study, we tried to investigate the importance of Ludis, wrestling activities and their place in society during the Roman period. A literature review was conducted. Sports played during the Roman Empire were generally violent. Therefore, although wrestling activities in the Roman period were generally carried out with the aim of military training in the foreground, they may include some rules that would be considered violent today. During the Roman period, wrestling events were held in front of the emperor and the public in the Great Hippodrome of Constantinople. During the Roman period, wrestling was considered important due to Christian belief. According to some of their clergy, Hz. Jacob wrestled with God. Although the study has not been thoroughly studied, the sport appears to involve less violence and blood than other spectacles in Rome. It is also certain that not all sporting events in Rome involved bloody demonstrations and violence. Officially excluded from the bloody spectacle were sporting activities such as ball games, athletic activities and dances. It is also clear that many ancient activities such as massage, walking, some children’s games and baths were used by the Romans for health purposes. Galen and other medical writers suggest that many sporting activities were used for health, physical training, and military preparation. As a result, during the Roman period, Ludis and Wrestling activities first served multiple functions, such as military training, court entertainment, diplomacy, and philosophical and spiritual practice. After Rome’s conquest of the Greeks, Greek wrestling was adopted by Roman culture and became the wrestling of the Romans during the Roman Empire. During the Roman period, there was bribery and reward in wrestling. It is also thought that wrestling from the Roman period had an impact on the transformation from Greek wrestling to today’s Greco-Roman wrestling. Again, the basis of today’s professional wrestling for demonstration purposes can be traced back to Roman Wrestling.

Frederic François Chopin's Music Conception and Works

Aslı TUNCAY — 2026-07-16

Considered one of the most important composers and pianists of the Romantic period, Polish composer Frederic Chopin is a composer who has always been known for his natural and refined style in his music, his lyrical melodic style, his rich polyphonic writing and modulations, his use of understated rubato, his original melodic structure, his chromatic scales, his elegant, simple and poetic musical expression, and the unique atmosphere of his works. He was one of the most famous composers of his time in poetically rendering tragedy, pain, happiness and hope in the language of music. A great patriot, F. Chopin's works are often influenced by Polish folk music. He has a lyrical expression language that is unpretentious yet very effective. Since he frequently used dissonant timbres in his compositions, he brought innovation to the compositional technique of his period. The fact that all of his works are mainly for the piano instrument is an important factor that distinguishes him from other composers. The aim of this article is to shed light on young pianists by introducing the successful musical style and composition technique of Chopin, who is known as the “Poet of Music”, on his large-scale works as well as his minimal works. Keywords: F. Chopin, Piano, Romantic period, Rubato, Style