Author :
Abstract
Toplumdilbilim dil ve toplum arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen bir dilbilim alanıdır. İletişimin bağlamı, katılımcıların özellikleri, kültürel normlar gibi çeşitli toplumsal etmenlerin dil kullanımı üzerindeki etkisini inceler. Bir iletişim olayı, aynı ya da farklı dilleri konuşan kişiler arasında gerçekleşebilir. Farklı dilleri konuşan ve çeşitli nedenlere bağlı olarak iletişim kurma gereksinimi duyan bireyler, birbirlerinin dillerini biliyorsa ikidilli konuşucular olarak doğrudan iletişime geçmekte; ya da ortak bir iletişim biçimi geliştirme yoluna gitmektedir. Alanyazında “dillerarası etkileşim” olarak adlandırılan bu durumda dillerden birinin diğer dil üzerinde bir etki meydana getirdiği görülmektedir. Dillerarası etkileşim kısaca farklı dillerin ya da lehçelerin konuşucularının birbiriyle etkileşime geçtiklerinde dilsel özelliklerin diğer dile aktarılması olarak tanımlanabilir. Söz konusu etkileşimin sonucunda diller açısından ortaya çıkan çeşitli olası sonuçlardan söz edilmektedir. Baskın dilin diğer dilin yerini alması, dillerin diğer dillerden ödünçlemeler yapması, yeni dil biçimlerinin ortaya çıkması gibi sonuçlar söz konusu durumlara örnek verilebilir. Bu çalışmada, dillerarası etkileşimlerde ortaya çıkan dil görüngülerinden ikidillilik, düzenek değiştirimi (düzenek karıştırımı ve düzenek kaydırımı), ödünçleme, dil aşınması, dil aktarımı, girişim, karışık dil, karma dil, kırma dil ve aradil kavramları ele alınmaktadır. Türkçe alanyazında dillerarası etkileşim görüngülerini bu biçimde toplu bir biçimde ele alan bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmamızın konuya ilişkin alanyazına katkı sağlaması hedeflenmektedir.
Keywords
Abstract
Sociolinguistics is a field of linguistics that studies the relationship between language and society. It examines the impact of various societal factors on language use, such as the context of communication, characteristics of participants, and cultural norms. A communication event can take place between people who speak the same or different languages. Individuals who speak different languages feel the need to communicate with one another for various reasons, can communicate directly as bilingual speakers if they know each other's languages, or they tend to develop a common way of communication. Regarding this particular case, which is referred to as language contact in the relevant literature, it is apparent that one of the languages has an impact on the other language. Language contact can be briefly defined as the transfer of linguistic features to another language when speakers of different languages or dialects interact with each other. As a result of this interaction, various possible outcomes in terms of languages are mentioned, and consequently, various possible implications in terms of the languages emerge. Consequences such as the dominant language replacing the other language, the languages becoming more and more similar to one another, and the emergence of new language forms are possible examples of these situations. In the present study, the concepts of bilingualism, code changing (code-mixing and code-switching), borrowing, language attrition, language transfer, interference, mixed language, pidgin, creole, and interlanguage, which are among the phenomena that emerge from language contacts, were addressed. In the relevant Turkish literature, there is not a study that deals with the language contact phenomena as a whole. Therefore, the purpose of our study is to make a contribution to the relevant literature on the topic.
Keywords
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