Author :
Abstract
Kalkınma iktisadının kurucularından Simon Kuznets’in çalışmalarından hareketle, çevre kirliliği ile ekonomik büyüme ve ticaret arasındaki ilişkiler Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi hipotezi olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Büyüme, dışa açılma ve gelişme süreciyle birlikte çevre kirliliği önce artan daha sonra ise giderek azalan bir seyir izleyerek adeta bir ters U şeklinde seyretmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Güney Afrika’da çevre kirliliği, ekonomik büyüme ve dışa açıklık arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişkiler, Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi hipotezinin geçerliliğinin test edilmesi suretiyle araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın araştırma dönemi olan 1990-2019 yıllarına ait kişi başı karbondioksit emisyonu, kişi başı gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla ve dışa açıklık verileri Dünya Bankası Dünya Kalkınma Göstergeleri (WDI) veritabanından elde edilmiştir. Oluşturulan tahmin modelinin analizine yönelik olarak seriler birim kök testleri ve zaman serisi analizi yapısal kararlılık testlerinden sonra Engle-Granger Eşbütünleşme Testi ve Eşbütünleşik Regresyon tahmini ile analiz edilmiştir. Uygulama sonucu elde edilen bulgular araştırma döneminde Güney Afrika için Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi hipotezinin geçerli olmadığını ortaya koymaktadır.
Keywords
Abstract
Based on the work of Simon Kuznets, one of the founders of development economics, the relationship between environmental pollution, economic growth and trade is called the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. With the growth, opening up and development process, environmental pollution follows an increasing and then decreasing course, almost in an inverted U shape. In this study, the long-run relationships between environmental pollution, economic growth and openness in South Africa were investigated by testing the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. The per capita carbon dioxide emissions, per capita gross domestic product and openness data for the years 1990-2019, the research period of the study, were obtained from the World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI) database. For the analysis of the estimation model created, the series were analyzed with the Engle-Granger Cointegration Test and Cointegration Regression estimation after unit root tests and time series analysis structural stability tests. The findings obtained as a result of the application reveal that the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis was not valid for South Africa during the research period.
Keywords
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